段玉婷，王志泰，徐小明

(贵州大学林学院，贵州 贵阳 550025)

石质边坡植被建植后土壤养分与植物群落特征动态研究

段玉婷，王志泰*，徐小明

(贵州大学林学院，贵州 贵阳 550025)

摘要：于2009年6月-2013年12月，以贵阳市花溪区环城高速经人工植被恢复的3个石灰岩石质边坡为研究对象，采用常规群落调查法及室内实验对其土壤理化性质与植物群落特征进行定点定期动态观测与分析，结果表明：1)AN、AK、AP、OM含量成波动上升趋势，到2013年，AN、AK、AP、OM平均含量分别为中下、极高、较高、中上水平；2)随着恢复年限延长，边坡总物种数大幅增加且波动幅度渐缓，存在季节性变化，物种组成及比例发生较大改变，优势种也发生转变，群落出现向当地自然植被方向演替的变化规律；3)2009年7月-2012年6月，植物草本层盖度及高度呈上升趋势，到2013年均有所降低，各边坡有一定数量灌木定植，边坡恢复效果良好；4)边坡群落总物种数、植物高度及盖度、土壤速效养分N、P、K和OM之间存在18对显著相关的指标对，但在土壤养分与植物群落特征关系方面只有AN、AP与植物总物种数、灌木层植物高度具显著相关性。

关键词：边坡；土壤；养分；植物群落特征

Investigation of soil nutrient and plant community dynamics after vegetation planting on a rocky slope

DUAN Yu-Ting, WANG Zhi-Tai*, XU Xiao-Ming

CollegeofForestry,GuizhouUniversity,Guiyang550025,China

Abstract:Using conventional plant community survey methods three rocky slopes were constructed to simulate physicochemical properties of soil and the artificial vegetation restoration of the Guiyang City beltway south loop in an indoor experiment. It was found that: 1) The content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), available phosphorus (AP), organic matter (OM) showed an upward trend, by 2013, the average content of AN reached a lower level, the average content of AK maintained high level, the average content of AP reached a higher level, the average content of OM at the middle level. 2) With longer recovery time, slope total species number has increased substantially and the fluctuation of gradual, they have seasonal variation, Species composition and proportion and dominant changed, to change to the local natural vegetation. 3) In 2009 July-2012 year in June, plant herb layer coverage and high risen, by 2013 they have reduced, a certain number of shrub planting in the slope, and the slope restoration effect is good. 4) There are 18 pairs of significant correlation indicator between slope community total species number, plant height and coverage, the soil available nutrients N, P, K and OM, but in the relationship between soil nutrient and plant community characteristics, only AN and AP and total plant species, shrub layer plant height have significantly correlation.

Key words:slope； soil； nutrients； plant community characteristics

随着高速公路路网覆盖面的逐年扩展，高速公路的建设已逐步迈向山区地带，贵州省是典型的喀斯特岩溶地区，高速公路的修建会产生更多、更高的裸露石质边坡[1]，若依靠自然植物演替，速度非常缓慢，利用人工植被生态恢复技术恢复的边坡植物群落能较快达到理想盖度，完成自然演替不能快速解决植被覆盖度的问题[2]。……