王蕙，王辉，罗永忠，马维伟

(1.浙江水利水电学院水利与环境工程学院，浙江 杭州 310018；2.甘肃农业大学林学院，甘肃 兰州 730070)

围封沙质天然草地植物的构件和个体生物量比较研究

王蕙1,2，王辉2，罗永忠2，马维伟2

(1.浙江水利水电学院水利与环境工程学院，浙江 杭州 310018；2.甘肃农业大学林学院，甘肃 兰州 730070)

摘要：生物量是植物积累能量的主要体现，其在各器官中的分配是植物对环境适应的结果，反映了植物的生长策略。调查甘肃省景泰县绿洲边缘围封沙质草地常见的27种灌木和草本，采用全挖法研究了各植物盛花期时的个体和根、茎、花、叶等构件的生物量特征以及地下-地上生物量关系(根冠比，R/S)的变化趋势。结果表明：1)27种植物中，花、叶、茎干重小于1.0 g的分别占到89%，70%，56%，27种植物的根冠比均小于1；2)随着封育措施和人工抚育措施的实施，4种灌木的根冠比(R/S)：沙蒿(均值为0.32)、猫头刺(均值为0.78)、荒漠锦鸡儿(均值为0.24)和白刺(均值为0.10)在各样地中表现出显著差异性；3)大部分植物构件对地上生物量的贡献率为：茎>叶>花>根，植物构件对个体生物量的贡献率为：叶>茎>花>根；一年生草本地上(花、叶、茎)生物量与个体生物量的比率显著高于多年生草本和灌木(P<0.05)，不同构件对生物量贡献率的差异有利于不同生活型植物的种群扩散和繁衍。

关键词：个体生物量；构件生物量；根冠比；围封；沙质草地

A comparative study of plant biomass in a native grassland exclosure

WANG Hui1,2, WANG Hui2, LUO Yong-Zhong2, MA Wei-Wei2

1.InstituteofHydraulic&EnvironmentalEngineering,ZhejiangUniversityofWaterResourcesandElectricPower,Hangzhou310018,China; 2.CollegeofForestry,GansuAgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou730070,China

Abstract:Plant biomass mainly reflects the energy accumulated by plants. Plant species have evolved specialized strategies to regulate biomass allocation among various organs or between above and below ground biomass. We investigated total biomass and biomass allocation characteristics of 27 shrub and herbaceous species in an exclosure on grassland in a marginal oasis area on sandy soil at Jingtai, Gansu Province. The flower, leaf and stem biomass comprised less than 1.0 g in 89%, 70% and 56% of the 27 species respectively and the root∶shoot ratio (R∶S) of all species was less than 1. The R∶S of Artemisia desertorum, Oxytropis aciphylla, Caragana roborovskyi and Nitraria sibirica differed significantly between natural exclosure and artificially restored sites. The ratio of aboveground biomass∶total biomass of annual herbaceous species was significantly higher than those of perennial herbaceous and shrub species. These characteristics are deemed advantageous for biodiversity in this environment.

Key words:individual biomass; modular biomass; root-shoot ratio; exclosure; sandy grassland

沙质草地是中国北方干旱半干旱地区重要的土地资源，超过1.34×108hm2的沙质草地分布在北方的广大地区[1]，其严重的退化(沙漠化)已成为中国北方主要的生态环境问题[2-6]。目前，对退化沙质草地实行围栏封育是区域生态重建的一项重要举措[7-9]。围封能使植物……