杨阳，刘秉儒

(宁夏大学，西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，宁夏 银川 750021)

宁夏荒漠草原不同群落生物多样性与生物量关系及影响因子分析

杨阳，刘秉儒*

(宁夏大学，西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，宁夏 银川 750021)

摘要：通过测定生物多样性各指标、地上-地下生物量、枯落物量、土壤理化因子以及土壤微生物量碳氮，研究了自然状态下荒漠草原6种群落生物多样性与生物量的关系及其影响因子。结果表明：荒漠草原不同群落丰富度、均匀度与多样性指数变化趋势一致；地上生物量与地下生物量呈指数关系，表明荒漠草原群落呈异速生长模式；生物多样性与地上生物量呈单峰曲线，与地下生物量呈线性关系，初步表明荒漠草原不同群落地上部分种间作用、资源利用程度基本一致，生物多样性抑制了地上生物量，但并没有抑制其地下生物量；地表枯落物与地下生物量呈极显著的线性相关关系(P<0.01)，初步表明了地下生物量更加依赖于地表枯落物。相关分析表明，荒漠草原生物多样性指数和生物量影响因子存在明显差异，自然条件下土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮以及有效养分对地下生物量贡献较大，土壤含水量和有机碳对地上生物量贡献较大，土壤微生物量碳和氮对群落多样性指数贡献较大。

关键词：荒漠草原；群落；生物多样性；生物量；影响因子

Impact factors and relationships between biodiversity and biomass of different communities in the desert steppe of Ningxia, China

YANG Yang, LIU Bing-Ru*

KeyLabofRestorationandReconstructionofDegradedEcosysteminNorthwestChinaofMinistryofEducation,NingxiaUniversity,Yinchuan750021,China

Abstract:Impact factors and relationships between plant biodiversity and biomass of different communities of desert steppe in an unmodified condition were determined using biodiversity indices, soil physical and chemical factors and assessment of aboveground and underground biomass. The results showed that species richness and diversity varied similarly in different communities. Exponential relationships between aboveground biomass and underground biomass showed that the desert steppe community displayed allometric growth patterns. The response of community richness to aboveground biomass was unimodal, while that to underground biomass was linear. Underground biomass was positively correlated with surface litter. Soil moisture, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nutrients also contributed to underground biomass while soil moisture and soil organic carbon greatly contributed to aboveground biomass. Soil microbial biomass, soil carbon and nitrogen had a significant influence on community diversity indices.

Key words:desert steppe; community; biodiversity; plant biomass; impact factors

生物多样性作为群落的可测性指标反映了生态系统基本特征，是生态系统各物种通过竞争或协调资源共存的结果[1-2]，为生态系统功能的运行和维持提供了种源基础和支撑条件[1-4]；生物量是反映生态系统结构和功能稳定性的重要指标，深入理解和探讨生物多样性与生物量之间的关系是阐明生物多样性对生态系统功能作用的重要途径和作用过程[5-9]。……