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大学新生适应特征与影响因素的实证分析

朱凌云1,李健2

(1.北京大学教育学院,北京100871;2.中央财经大学学生处,北京100081)

摘要:基于大学新生适应不佳的现象和院校影响力、学生发展理论,构建了大学新生适应影响因素的多元线性回归模型;运用对北京高校本科新生的抽样调查数据,考察了大学新生的适应特征,并重点关注了院校环境对大学新生适应的影响。研究发现,女生的择业适应和情绪适应较男生更有优势,城市新生适应情况普遍显著好于农村新生;院校环境整体情况对新生适应具有显著正向影响,同学关系和多样化发展等院校环境具体维度对大学新生适应意义重大。建议高校深入了解新生群体特征、全面优化院校环境、构建多元化新生适应机制,促进学生多样化发展。

关键词:大学新生; 学生适应; 院校环境

doi:10.15936/j.cnki.10083758.2015.04.014 10.15936/j.cnki.10083758.2015.04.015

收稿日期:2015-01-10

作者简介:朱凌云(1972-),女,上海人,北京大学博士研究生,中央财经大学研究员,主要从事学生思想政治教育与学生发展研究;李健(1981-),女,黑龙江大庆人,中央财经大学助理研究员,主要从事学生就业与职业发展研究。

中图分类号:G645

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1008-3758(2015)04-0416-06

Abstract:Given the fact that some freshmen could not adapt to college life well and based on the reputation of colleges and universities as well as the student development theory, a multivariable linear regression model of the influence factors of college freshmen’s adaptation was constructed. A questionnaire data of the sampled college freshmen in Beijing were used to explore the characteristics of college freshmen’s adaptation and more importantly its influence factors. It was found that female freshmen have more advantages in job hunting and emotional adaptation than male freshmen, while freshmen from urban areas generally adapt better than those from rural areas. Moreover, college environment in general has a significant positive effect on freshmen’s adaptation, and such dimensions of college environment as schoolmate relationship and diversified development also mean a lot to freshmen’s adaptation. Accordingly, it was suggested that colleges and universities should understand the characteristics of freshmen more deeply, make college environment friendlier to them, create diverse freshmen adaptation mechanisms and promote students’ diversified development.

An Empirical Study on College Freshmen’s Adaptation and Its Influence Factors

ZHULing-yun1,LIJian2

(1. Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 2. Students’ Affairs Division, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China)

Key words:college freshman; student adaptation; college environment

目前大学生适应问题正成为教育学、心理学、社会学等领域广泛关注的研究课题之一。对大学新生来说,由于生活、学习环境的变化,极易出现适应不良问题,表现在人际关系、专业发展、情绪调节等方面的不适、迷茫与困惑等。尤其当大学生主体逐渐由“90后”构成,普遍具有较好的家庭环境但缺少独立生活的经历,使以上适应问题越发突显。……