龚勋　张翔　王峥　陈曼丽　周尚成　薛镭

摘要：为了解湖北省农村地区空巢老人健康状况及其影响因素，为空巢老人健康需求策略制定提供参考依据，采用自制调查问卷对960名农村空巢老人的人口学资料、健康状况、健康需求及其影响因素等进行调查。结果显示农村空巢老人慢性病患病率为75.31%，患两种慢性病的有642人（66.88%），患三种及以上慢性病的有271人（28.23%）；影响农村空巢老人慢性病社会学因素的非条件Logistic 回归方程经T检验差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）；性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、近两周内住过院、医疗支出等对农村地区空巢老年人群是否患慢性病有显著影响；其中，农村空巢老年女性的慢性病患病率明显高于男性，其患病相对危险度为男性的1.136倍；年龄越大，其患慢性病的相对危险度越大。基于此，提出了从加强与农业、环保、水利、社保等部门合作的角度，不断提高农村地区空巢老人的生活质量的相关建议。

关键词：农村地区；空巢老人；健康状况；需求；调查

中图分类号：R195；B844.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）24-6428-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.24.085

Abstract： In order to analyze the health status and effect factors of the rural empty-nest elderly in Hubei Province， to provide reference for establishing strategy suitable for health demand of the empty elderly， demographic data， health status， health needs， and its influencing factors of 960 rural empty nester were investigated by self-made questionnaire. The results showed that the prevalence rate of chronic diseases of rural empty nester was 75.31%， 642 people （66.88%） had two kinds of chronic diseases， 271 people （28.23%） had three or more chronic diseases； By T test， the non conditional Logistic regression equation of society factors that influenced chronic diseases of rural empty nester showed that the difference had statistical significance （P=0.000）； gender， age， culture degree， marriage status， nearly two weeks in hospital， medical expenses had a significant effect on whether the empty-nest elderly population in rural areas suffered from chronic diseases or not； in which， the prevalence rate of chronic disease of the rural empty-nest elderly women， was significantly higher than the male， their relative prevalence risk was 1.136 times of the male； the older the age get， the greater the relative risk degree suffering chronic disease. Thereby， from aspect of strengthening the cooperation with the agriculture， environmental protection， water conservancy， social security and other departments， some relative suggestions to improve the life quality of the rural empty-nest elderly were put forward.

Key words： rural areas； empty nester， health status， demand， investigation

《中国人口老龄化发展趋势预测研究报告》预测，到2020年，中国65岁以上老龄人口将达1.67亿，约占全世界老龄人口的1/4，其中，少子老龄化、独子老龄化、空巢老龄化、无后老龄化等人口老龄化问题对社会经济和家庭健康发展等方面已经产生了巨大的影响。截至2014年，中国农村人口老龄化的程度已经达到15.4%，高于13.26%的全国平均水平，可见中国老龄问题的重心和难点主要集中在农村地区[1]。……