榆林市变应性鼻炎流行病学调查分析

柳林整，申江江

(延安大学医学院第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，陕西榆林719000)

摘要：目的了解榆林地区变应性鼻炎流行病学特征。方法采用亚洲过敏性鼻炎问卷调查方案，对以榆林市区为中心的绥德县城、榆林市区和神木县城等榆林地区范围内三城区共4404名干部职工分别进行了变应性鼻炎有关症状及病史的整群抽样的书面及电话问卷调查。结果(1)上述三城市中过去24个月内变应性鼻炎报告率分别为11.96%，11.13%，11.29%(χ2=0.52，P>0.05)；(2)榆林市范围内总体发病率为11.42%。结论与国内其他地区相比，榆林市过敏性鼻炎发病率较高，但各县区发病率统计无明显差异。

关键词：变应性鼻炎；流行病学；患病率；抽样调查

中图分类号：R765.21

基金项目：2013年榆林市科技计划项目(项目号：sf13-32)

作者简介：柳林整(1969—)，男，陕西榆林人，主任医师，主要研究方向为变应性鼻炎诊治的临床研究。

[收稿日期2014-12-05；责任编辑赵菊梅]

Survey on epidem iological features of allergic rhinitis in Yulin area

LIULin-zheng,SHENJiang-jiang

(Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery,Second Affilated Hospital of

Medical College of Yanan University,Yulin 719000,China)

Abstract：Objective To estimate the prevalences of allergic rhinitis in Yulin area.Methods A total of 4404 civil servants and workers from the three cities of Yulin region (Suide county,Yulin city,and Shenmu county) are survied about the history of allergic rhinitis symptoms through cluster sampling written and telephone survey using the scheme of Asian allergic rhinitis questionnaire.Results The reporting rates of allergic rhinitis in the past 24 months in the three cities were 11.96%, 11.13% and 11.29%(χ2=0.52,P>0.52);the general allergic rhinitis incidence is 11.42% in the scope of Yulin area.Conclusion Compared with other areas in China,the level of allergic rhinitis incidence in Yulin area is higher.But there is no remarkable differences among counties in terms of the allergic rhinitis incidence.

Key words：Allergic rhinitis; Epidem iology; Prevalence; Questionnaire

问卷调查显示，近24个月变应性鼻炎报告率在一些西方国家处于12%～30%之间[1-4]，并且随着城市化进程呈上升趋势。一般认为我国变态反应性疾病发病水平较低，但各家及各地报道结果相差甚远，从5%～37%不等[5-6]，研究方法的不统一是影响流行病学研究结果之间可比性的重要原因。再加我国地域辽阔、气候环境、植被等多变，可能也是使各地变应性鼻炎发病率报道变化较大的原因，榆林市属温带大陆性季风气候，地处毛乌素沙漠南缘和黄土高原过渡地带，气候干燥，风沙较大。其特……