超高层建筑横风向荷载反演分析

方明新，杨志勇，郅伦海

(武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院，武汉430070)

摘要：提出利用风致响应识别结构横风向风荷载的反分析方法。基于卡尔曼滤波理论及正交分解技术(POD),利用有限测试楼层的风致响应识别结构动态风荷载。结合工程实例，对方形超高层建筑进行风荷载反演分析，并与风洞试验结果对比研究，验证该方法的适用性及准确性。结果表明，估计的风荷载时程及功率谱与试验结果符合较好，多种噪声水平下反演结果基本满足实际工程需要。可为超高层建筑抗风设计及相关研究提供依据。

关键词：超高层建筑；横风向风荷载；反演分析；风致响应；卡尔曼滤波

中图分类号:TU文献标志码：A

收稿日期：2014-05-15修改稿收到日期：2014-09-30

Inverse analysis of across-wind loads on super tall buildings

FANGMing-xin,YANGZhi-yong,ZHILun-hai(School of Civil Engineering & Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

Abstract:An effective inverse method was developed to estimate across-wind loads applied on a structure by using wind-induced responses. The Kalman filter and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique were utilized for the inverse identification based on limited measured responses. The across-wind loads acting on a square shaped super tall building were estimated and compared with those determined by a wind tunnel test. The feasibility and accuracy of the method were examined. The results show that the time history and power spectra of across-wind loads obtained in the present research match well with the results of wind tunnel test. The accuracy of the estimated wind loads at different noise levels is acceptable in engineering practice. The presented results are valuable and referential to the design of super-tall buildings under wind storm or typhoon actions.

Key words:super tall buildings; across-wind load; inverse analysis ; wind-induced response; Kalman filter

我国东南沿海地区建造的300 m以上超高层建筑，因其自振频率较低、阻尼较小，与台风动荷载主要频率段较接近，在强/台风作用下风致响应较大(尤其横风向)，风荷载及风振响应成为安全性、适用性设计的首要控制指标。通常，超高层建筑的风荷载较难现场测量，虽风洞实验技术能测试结构风荷载，但因手段复杂、实验技术及分析方法不完善，计算结果难以准确反映真实情况。而对横风向风荷载的研究仍存在较大不足。考虑目前结构动力响应实测技术较成熟，结构加速度及位移响应量测精度远高于荷载。因此以实测结构风致响应为基础，反分析方法为手段获取结构横风向动态风荷载，成为间接量测风荷载的新途径。……