朱苏晖 谭雪兰 朱红梅

摘要：通过对2013年长沙市的遥感影像数据进行探索性空间分析和空间韵律测算，分析了长沙市乡村聚落的空间分布、规模分异和形态格局特征，并划分了长沙市124个乡镇形态的地域类型。然后通过构建乡村聚落的形态指标体系，选取6种指标，采用SPSS.17软件的快速聚类的方法，将长沙市各乡镇分为7个地域类型。结果显示，在空间分布上，长沙市乡村聚落集聚密度值由中西部地区向东呈递减式分布。在规模分异上，长沙市乡村聚落呈数量多规模小且差距不大的特征;规模的分布上具有高值集聚随机分布特征，并且主要分布在浏阳市西部地区和宁乡县少数地区。在形态格局上，通过对长沙市东西南北中5条样带的指标测算，发现长沙中部地区的聚落复杂程度高于长沙西部和东部，长沙北部总体低于长沙南部，长沙东部和北部的乡村聚落连接稳定性优于其他地区，长沙东部和南部的乡村聚落的差异性同与其相比较的样带聚落而言都要大，长沙中部和北部的乡村聚落分散指数值较高。

关键词：乡村聚落;形态特征;地域类型;长沙市

中图分类号：P208;K901.8        文献标识码：A        文章编号：0439-8114（2015）23-6085-07

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.073

Morphological Characteristics and Regional Types of Rural Settlements in Changsha

ZHU Su-hui，TAN Xue-lan，ZHU Hong-mei

（College of Resources and Environment， Hunan Agruiculture University， Changsha 410128， China）

Abstract： Based on exploratory spatial analysis and spatial rhythm calculation of Remote Sensing Image Data of Changsha in 2013， the morphological characteristics of rural settlements in changsha was analyzed， and the changsha regional types in the form of 124 villages and towns were divided. Finally the city was divided into 7 regional types by constructing the index system of rural settlements， selecting 6 kinds of indexes， and using the method of fast clustering in spss.17. According to the study， it can be found that： in the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Changsha， its rural settlement cluster density decreasing distributed from the central and western regions to the East .In terms of scale， the characteristics of rural settlements in changsha are： large quantity， small scale and little difference. The rural settlement had a high value on the distribution of concentration of random distribution characteristics， and was mainly distributed in the west area of Liuyang and minority areas of Ningxiang county. In the pattern， through the calculation of the index of five transects of Changsha city， it is found the settlement situation in the central area of Changsha was more complex than the western and eastern， and the northern was less complex than the southern; the connection stability of rural settlement in the eastern and northern was better than other areas; the differences of rural settlement in the eastern and southern were larger than other transects; the fragmentation degree of rural settlements in the central and north Changsha was high.

Key words： rural settlement; morphological character; regional types; Changsha city

聚落就是人类为了获取物资生活资料，各单个个体相互聚集成一个具有一定内部关系的群体。乡村聚落亦被称为农村居民点，是一定规模与从事农业生产密切相关的人群，在一定区域范围内集中居住的现象与形态。农村聚居模式是指一定范围内乡村居民与赖以生存的自然、经济因素以及社会文化环境相互作用的结果[1]。……