闫生辉+李兴奎+高玉红

摘要：为了优化河阴石榴（Punica granatum L.）多糖的超声波提取工艺，研究了超声波提取时的提取温度、液料比、超声功率和超声时间单因素条件对河阴石榴多糖提取效果的影响，在此基础上，根据Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理，采用三因素三水平响应面分析法建立二次回归模型，同时对各因素和因素交互作用进行方差分析，从而确定河阴石榴多糖超声提取的最佳工艺条件为提取温度48.5 ℃，提取时间36 min，超声波功率390 W。在此条件下，石榴多糖提取率的预期值为15.95%，试验验证值为15.68%。将优化后的试验条件与传统的水提法相比，不但提高了石榴多糖提取的效率，而且多糖得率提高了5.79个百分点。

关键词：河阴石榴（Punica granatum L.）;多糖;超声波提取;响应面分析

中图分类号：S665.4         文献标识码：A         文章编号：0439-8114（2015）23-5987-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.049

Optimization of Polysaccharides from Heyin Pomegranate Using Response Surface Methodology and Ultrasonic Extraction

YAN Sheng-hui，LI Xing-kui，GAO Yu-hong

（Zhengzhou Vocational Technology College， Zhengzhou 450121， China）

Abstract： In order to optimize ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides in Heyin Pomegranate（Punica granatum L.），effects of extraction temperature，ratio of water to material，extraction rate and extraction time were investigated respectively in single-factor tests. Based on the principle of Box-Behnken design， response surface methodology with three factors and three levels were applied，and then interactive effects of the independent variables on extraction were established. The result showed that the optimum extraction temperature，time，and rate for polysaccharides extraction from Heyin Pomegranate are 48.5 ℃，36 min，390 W，respectively. Under the above conditions，the actual extraction rate reached up to 15.68%， which was close to the predicted value of 15.95%.Compared with the traditional water extraction method，the efficiency of optimization of polysaccharides from Heyin Pomegranate was greatly improved，and the extraction yield of polysaccharide was increased by 5.79 percentage points.

Key words： Heyin Pomegranate（Punica granatum L.）; polysaccharides; ultrasonic extraction; response surface methodology

石榴（Punica granatum L.）是落叶乔木或灌木，属于石榴科（Punicaceae）石榴属（Punica L.）植物，原产巴尔干半岛至伊朗及其邻近地区，现主要分布在亚洲、非洲、欧洲沿地中海等温带和热带地区[1]。石榴在中国南北各地均有种植，主要分布在陕西、安徽、山东、江苏、河南、四川、云南及新疆等地。目前，有玛瑙石榴、粉皮石榴、青皮石榴、玉石子等70多个种类，其中河南省荥阳市的河阴石榴因其果实色泽鲜艳，石榴皮薄光滑，特别是石榴仁特软可食，其味甘甜而无渣滓，结束了吃石榴吐子的历史，因此河阴石榴畅销全国，为河南特产之一。近年来，各国科研工作者陆续发现石榴中含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、微量元素、类固醇、激素、生物碱和多糖等活性物质[2-5]，因此被广泛应用于医药和保健领域。……