田宏+张鹤山+熊军波+蔡化+刘洋

摘要：试验对江夏和黔南两个扁穗雀麦（Bromus cartharticus Vahl）品种种子成熟过程中鲜干重、含水量和落粒性变化进行了研究，结果表明，两个扁穗雀麦品种的鲜重变化呈单峰曲线，干重在花后第22天达最大值。种子含水量在发育成熟过程中呈先上升后逐渐降低的趋势，落粒率的变化规律与之完全相反，且两指标呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。两品种相比，黔南较早出现落粒，但落粒率在花后第26天均高达65%以上，综合考虑，扁穗雀麦在种子含水量为30%～48%时收获可获最佳产量和品质。

关键词： 扁穗雀麦（Bromus cartharticus Vahl）; 落粒性; 适宜采收期

中图分类号：S543+7         文献标识码：A        文章编号：0439-8114（2015）23-5969-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.045

Study on the Seed Shattering and Suitable Seed Harvesting

Time of Bromus cartharticus Vahl

TIAN Hong，ZHANG He-shan，XIONG Jun-bo，CAI Hua，LIU Yang

（Institute of Husbandny and Veterinary Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding，

Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wuhan 430064， China）

Abstract： The changes in seed fresh and dry weight， seed moisture content and seed shattering of Bromus cartharticus Vahl cv. Jiangxia and Qiannan were studied. The result were as follows： the change of fresh weigh showed the simple peak curve， the dry weight run to the maximum after the 22nd day of flowering period. The seed moisture content showed the trend of increasing first than decreasing during the seed development and maturation，but the change regularity of seed shattering was completely different. Seed shattering was significantly negatively correlated with seed moisture content （P<0.01）.The time of Qiannan seed shattering occurred early that of Jiangxia， but the seed shattering rate of 2 varieties was above 65% after the 26rd day of flowering period. If all factors were considered， the suitable seed harvesting time of Bromus cartharticus Vahl was at 30～48% seed moisture content. At this time， seed yield and quality were the best and the optimum time for seed harvest.

Key words： Bromus cartharticus Vahl; seed shattering; suitable seed harvesting time

草牧业要发展，种业要先行，优质的牧草种子是天然草地改良和人工草地建设不可缺少的生产资料，更是草食畜牧业健康发展的基础。江夏扁穗雀麦（Bromus cartharticus Vahl）作为湖北省的乡土资源，在经过多年系统选育后通过国家草品种审定委员会审定，该草冬春季保持青绿，再生性好，牧草产量高，且可作为短期多年生草种利用，目前在湖北省受到种养殖企业的青睐。但和大多禾本科牧草一样，扁穗雀麦种子成熟过程中在植株上持留性差，虽然这是其祖先在长期生存竞争中形成的一种适应特性，是抵御恶劣自然条件、有效繁衍后代的一种机制[1]，但对种子生产却是一大弊病，是造成种子产量低的重要因素。一般来说，栽培历史短的牧草种子自然脱落比较严重，如绒毛草、大黍、路氏臂形草在收获期种子产量均不足潜在产量的一半[2-4]，羊草收获时仅为表现种子产量的19%[5]，Hurley等[6]对草地早熟禾249份材料两年的观测发现大多数材料在花后25 d已全部落粒，仅有5份材料具有减少落粒的趋势。……