曹园园+璩向宁+卫萍萍

摘要：从生态承载力的角度出发，应用生态足迹模型，引入生态供需平衡指数，对2012年宁夏回族自治区5个地级市的不同土地利用类型的生态足迹和生态承载力进行测算。结果显示，2012年宁夏固原市生态足迹最小，为2.047 hm2/人;吴忠市生态足迹最大，为2.560 hm2/人。银川市的生态承载力为五市之中最小，为0.669 4 hm2/人;中卫市的生态承载力最大，为1.631 4 hm2/人。各市均表现出生态赤字，从生态平衡指数得出银川生态赤字最大，中卫生态赤字最小。分析不同土地利用类型可知各市的耕地、草地、林地、水域、化石能源用地、建筑用地的生态足迹差别较大，其中草地和水域的生态赤字量最大。

关键词：生态足迹;生态承载力;生态平衡指数;宁夏

中图分类号：S718        文献标识码：A        文章编号：0439-8114（2015）23-5887-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.022

Municipal Supply and Demand Balance of the Ecological Capacity of Ningxia in 2012

CAO Yuan-yuan，QU Xiang-ning，WEI Ping-ping

（Northwest Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration/Northwest Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Reconstruction/Ecology and Biological Resources in Western Development Joint Research Centre，Ningxia University，

Yinchuan 750021，China）

Abstract： The ecological footprint analysis method was used to calculate the ecological footprint， balance index of supply and demand of different types of land use in 5 cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2012. The results showed that the ecological footprint of Guyuan was the lowest and 2.047 hm2 per human， while that of Wuzhong was highest and 2.560 hm2 per human among the five cities. The ecological carrying capacity of Yinchuan was the lowest and that of Zhongwei was the highest among all cities， which was 0.669 4 hm2/human and 1.631 4 hm2/human， respectively. The five cities were all in the condition of ecological defict. With the balance index of supply and demand， the ecological defict of Yinchuan was largest， while that of Zhongwei was lowest. The ecological footprint of different types of land use（farmland， grassland， woodland， waters， fossil energy land and construction land）varied greatly. Grassland and water was in large propotion of ecological deficit.

Key words：ecological footprint; ecological carrying capacity; ecological balance index;Ningxia

生态承载力是人与自然相互依赖关系的重要度量[1]。生态足迹法可以很好地把资源和环境两类承载力结合起来[2]，生态足迹法自1992年由William[3]提出，后来由Wackernagel（1997）[4]完善了生态足迹理论和模型。自从生态足迹的方法引入中国以来，国内各地的学者应用此法对不同地区、不同尺度生态承载力状况进行了计算和评价。徐中民、张志强等[5，6]对中国西部十二省生态足迹进行了计算并对中国生态足迹发展能力进行了分析。陈敏等[8]和陈成忠等[9]人从长时间尺度研究了中国生态足迹变化情况，此后时间尺度这个研究方法较常应用于生态足迹的变化与影响分析。近年来对某个具体行政区域（省、市、县）的生态盈余[9]，生态足迹动态变化[10]或土地资源[11]等具体的资源利用类型的生态足迹分析研究较多，但对于宁夏各个市生态足迹的分析对比并不多见。……