乔洁+张春丹+韩晓光

摘要：研究聚马来酸酐对设施土壤有机碳、 全氮、土壤微生物生物量碳、生物量氮及土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明，单施氮肥、聚马来酸酐氮肥配施均显著提高了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量与土壤呼吸速率强度。单施聚马来酸酐显著提高土壤C/N，对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮与土壤呼吸速率无显著影响。土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸速率与土壤有机碳、全氮呈极显著（P<0.01）或显著相关关系（P<0.05）。与聚马来酸酐氮肥配施处理相比，单施氮肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮以及土壤呼吸速率无显著影响。氮肥配施适量的聚马来酸酐对提高设施土壤肥力、改善设施土壤质量效果最好。土壤微生物生物碳、氮及土壤呼吸速率可反映土壤质量的变化，作为评价设施土壤肥力的指标。

关键词：聚马来酸酐;设施土壤;土壤微生物生物量碳;土壤微生物生物量氮;土壤呼吸速率

中图分类号：S154.3        文献标识码：A        文章编号：0439-8114（2015）23-5877-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.020

Effects of PMA on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon， Soil Microbial Biomass Nitrogen and Soil Respiration Rate in Greenhouse Soil

QIAO Jie1，2， ZHANG Chun-dan1， HAN Xiao-guang1

（ 1. College of Life Science， Langfang Teachers College， Langfang 065000， Hebei， China;

2. Edible and Medicinal Fungi Research and Development Center of Hebei Universities， Langfang 065000， Hebei， China）

Abstract： Effect of poly maleic anhydride （PMA） on soil organic carbon， total nitrogen， microbial biomass carbon， microbial biomass nitrogen and soil respiration rate were studied in green house. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizers and the mixture of PMA and nitrogen fertilizers could enhance the quantity of microbial biomass carbon， microbial biomass nitrogen and the intensity of soil respiration rate. The application of PMA increased the quantity of soil C/N， but had no significant effect on microbial biomass carbon， microbial biomass nitrogen and soil respiration rate. The correlation between soil organic carbon， total nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon， microbial biomass nitrogen and soil respiration rate were significantly （P<0.05） or highly significant （P<0.01）.Compared with the application of the mixture of PMA and nitrogen fertilizers， the application of nitrogen fertilizers had no significant effect on microbial biomass carbon， microbial biomass nitrogen and soil respiration rate. So the application of the mixture of nitrogen fertilizers with an appropriate amount of PMA could improve the greenhouse soil fertility and quality. Microbial biomass carbon， microbial biomass nitrogen and soil respiration rate could reflect the change of greenhouse soil fertility and value greenhouse soil quality.

Key words： Poly maleic anhydride; greenhouse soil; soil microbial biomass carbon; soil microbial biomass nitrogen; soil respiration rate

土壤微生物量是植物营养物质的源和库，代表土壤养分的活性部分，作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标，对土壤培肥、作物栽培等实践有重要的参考价值。土壤呼吸速率和微生物代谢商是土壤微生物量的大小和活性指标，可较好的反映土壤环境质量变化。Doran等[1]认为微生物量碳、微生物量氮、矿化氮、土壤呼吸速率、微生物商等是反映土壤质量的基本指标。有研究表明，设施农业虽然提高了作物产量，但是容易导致土壤表层发生次生盐渍化，致使土壤质量恶化，最终影响作物的产量和品质[2]。设施土壤性质的改变会导致有益微生物减少，破坏土壤生物平衡，影响土壤养分利用和植物吸收。近年来有关高聚物作为土壤改良剂的研究引起了国际上的广泛关注。向盐碱地中施入高聚物土壤改良剂能够改善土壤结构，加快土壤排盐效果，提高盐碱地的生产能力[3]，高聚物土壤改良剂对土壤质量、作物生长有一定的影响[4，5]。……