程建平+赵锋+陈少愚+李阳+汪本福+徐得泽+蔡海亚+游艾青+费长亮+万晟杰+张旅峰+章桃娟+皮楚舒

摘要：为探明机械直播和灌溉模式对水稻（Oryza sativa L.）产量和根系特征的影响，2013～2014年，设置水直播淹水灌溉（WF）、水直播间歇灌溉（WSW）、旱直播淹水灌溉（DF）和旱直播间歇灌溉（DSW）4种模式，以常规移栽淹水灌溉为对照（CK），考察水稻根系特征、产量等参数。结果表明， 2013年，WF和WSW分别较CK实际产量提高7.3%和5.3%，DF和DSW与CK产量差异不显著，2014年产量情况大致相同。机械直播模式和灌溉模式均有利于水稻根系伸展和提高根系活力，旱直播模式能够延缓后期叶片衰老，从而在增产稳产前提下达到节水的目的。

关键词：机械直播; 灌溉模式;根系特征;水稻（Oryza sativa L.）产量

中图分类号：S511;S507;S504.2        文献标识码：A       文章编号：0439-8114（2015）23-5823-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.008

Effects of Mechanical Direct-sowing and Irrigation Mode on Root

Characteristics and Yield of Rice

CHENG Jian-ping1，2，ZHAO Feng1，CHEN Shao-yu1，LI Yang1，WANG Ben-fu1，XU De-ze1，CAI Hai-ya1，

YOU Ai-qing1，2，FEI Chang-liang2，WAN Sheng-jie2，ZHANG Lü-feng4，ZHANG Tao-juan4，PI Chu-shu4

（1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement/Food Crops Institute，Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wuhan 430064， China; 2.Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry， Yangtze University， Jingzhou 434025， Hubei， China;

3.Yangxin Bureau of Agriculture， Huangshi 435200， Hubei， China; 4.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xishui County

in Hubei Province， Xishui 438200， Hubei， China）

Abstract： In order to verify the effects of mechanical direct-sowing and irrigation mode on rice root system characteristics and yield， the experiments of involving both mechanical direct-sowing modes and irrigation modes， such as water direct-sowing and conventional flooding mode（WF）， water direct-sowing and and intermittent irrigation mode（WSW）， dryland direct-sowing and conventional flooding mode（DF） and dryland direct-sowing and and intermittent irrigation mode（DSW） to compare with conventional transplanting and flooding irrigation（CK） were conducted in 2013 and in 2014， respectively， some rice paremeters， such as root system characteristics and yield were investigated. The results indicated that， in 2013， the actual yield of WF and WSW were increased by 7.3% and 5.3% than CK， respectively， but yield difference was not significant between dryland direct-sowing treatments and CK; the changed tendency of the actual yields was roughly same in 2014 as  those in 2013. Mechanical direct-sowing mode and irrigation mode was good for rice roots extend and improved root activity， dryland direct-sowing mode could postpone leaf senility of the leaves in rice later stage of growth， which was condutive to saving-water in the case of increase or no significant cut yield.endprint

Key words： mechanical direct-sowing; irrigation mode; root characteristics; rice yield

中国水稻种植面积占粮食总面积的27.3%（2012年），水稻作为中国主要的粮食作物，其灌溉用水占全国用水量的54%左右，农业总用水量的65%以上[1]。全国90%以上的稻田分布在南方，该区域水稻的灌溉用水量占总灌溉用水量的90%以上。南方虽然降雨充沛，但由于水资源年际间、地区间以及年内分布极不均匀，从而导致季节性的干旱频繁发生[2]。传统的大水淹灌方式不仅影响水稻高产潜力的发挥，而且加剧灌溉用水的日趋紧张，同时因径流、渗漏和排水引起环境污染[3-5]。国外相关研究结果表明，采用“湿润灌溉”和“间歇灌溉”，水稻耗水量比传统淹水灌溉可减少32%，但产量几乎相同，说明在水分非亏缺条件下水稻合理灌溉可获得高产，达到水分高效利用的效果[4，6-8]。……