多机场终端区进场交通流建模与仿真分析*

张洪海▲胡勇杨磊许炎

(南京航空航天大学民航学院南京 211106)

摘要为了揭示多机场终端区交通系统拥堵机理，从多机场终端区交通流基本运行特征出发，定义了空中交通流特征参数。考虑空中管制员的反应时间，运用跟驰理论和局域先到先服务原则，建立了符合管制认知的进场交通流模型。结合某终端区实例，在模型的基础上运用NetLogo仿真工具构建三维运行场景，通过实验统计交通流宏观态势演化过程中数据，分析了交通流特征参数关系以及配流、调速对终端区运行容量影响，挖掘了交通流特性及其相变规律。仿真结果表明：①流量与速度密度乘积存在显著的线性关系，进场交通流存在明显相变与迟滞特征，可划分为自由相、畅行相、伪拥塞相和同步拥塞相等基本相态；②配流、调速对终端区运行容量有显著影响。

关键词航空运输；交通流特性；建模与仿真；多机场终端区；NetLogo

中图分类号：V355文献标志码：A

收稿日期：2014-07-02修回日期：2014-12-19

基金项目*国家自然科学(批准号：61104159)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(批准号：NJ20130019)资助

Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Approaching

Traffic Flow of Multi-Airport Airspace

ZHANG HonghaiHU YongYANG LeiXU Yan

(CollegeofCivilAviation,NanjingUniversityof

Aeronautics&Astronautics，Nanjing211106,China)

Abstract:In order to study traffic congestion mechanism at multi-airport airspace, three basic parameters of air traffic flow are defined based on the operation characteristics of traffic flow. Firstly,controllers′ reaction time, car following theory and local FCFS rules are used to establish a traffic flow model consistent with the controller′s cognition. Then through a multi-airport airspace case study, a three-dimensional simulation was developed through NetLogo. Through a statistical analysis of the traffic flow data, the relationship among traffic flow parameters and the impact of flow assignment and speed adjustment on the operation capacity are analyzed. Moreover, the characteristics of air traffic flow and its evolution are studied. The simulation results indicate that there is a strong linear relationship between traffic flow and the product of velocity and density. In addition, there is a notable phase transitions and lag in the evolution process of approaching traffic flow. These phases can be divided into free-flow, uncongested, pseudo-congestion and synchronized-congestion.It also shows that flow assignment and speed adjustment have a significant impact on the operation capacity.

Key words:air traffic; traffic flow characteristics; modeling and simulation; multi-airport airspace; NetLogo

第一作者(通信作者)简介：张洪海(1979-)，博士，副教授.研究方向：复杂空中交通系统.E-mail:zhh0913@163.com

0引言

随着全球区域经济一体化发展进程的快速推进，多机场系统成为世界机场业界的重要发展趋势。多机场终端区一般拥有2个或以上的高密度机场、多个公共进出点口、多条互影响的进离场航线，是空域拥挤、航班延误、飞行事故易发区域，也是空中交通管理的重要瓶颈。……