完全倒装or部分倒装?十大考点“点石成金”
2015-11-04王静
王静
倒装是每年高考的必考语法项目,高考对倒装的命题重点主要集中在是否倒装、对部分倒装和完全倒装的辨析,并且常与时态结合在一起,有时也结合主谓语一致来考查。
考点1: in, out, up, down, away, off, now, then等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首的完全倒装。
例1 Hearing the dog barking fiercely , away ____.
A. fleeing the thief B. fled the thief
C. the thief was fleeing D. was fleeing the thief
【解析】选B。句意:听到狗凶猛地叫,小偷逃走了。away为副词,在句首引起倒装,flee意为“逃跑”,是不及物动词,移到主语(名词)the thief前面。此句式结构一般不用进行时。
【易错点拨】 若句子的主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。例如:
Away they hurried.他们匆忙地离开了。
考点2:表示地点、方位、时间等介词短语放在句首,句中谓语动词常为sit, stand, lie等不及物动词且主语是名词时的完全倒装。
例2 Just in front of the temple ____with a history of 1000 years.
A. does an old pine tree stand B. stands an old pine tree
C.an old pine tree is standing D.an old pine tree stands
【解析】选B。句意为:一颗有千年历史的松树就矗立在寺庙前面。表示地点的介词短语放在句首,句子要完全倒装。此句中,主语是an old pine tree with a history of 1000 years,为单数,所以谓语用第三人称单数stands。正常语序为:An old pine tree with a history of 1000 years stands just in front of the temple.
【易错点拨】在完全倒装的句子中,介词短语不能做主语,位于动词后面的名词就是句子的主语。
考点3: only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时引起的主句部分倒装。
例3 Only when Lily walked into the office _______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized
C. she has realized D. did she realize
【解析】选D。句意:直到Lily走进办公室,她才意识到她把合同放在家里了。only修饰做状语的从句/介词短语/副词,并放在句首时,主句多用部分倒装。由宾语从句中的过去完成时可知,主句应用一般过去时。
【易错点拨】如果only修饰的名词或代词做主语放在句首,则主句不必倒装。如:Only she can do it well. 只有她才能把这件事做好。
考点4: never, seldom, little, hardly, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, not等具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词置于句首时的部分倒装。……
