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完全倒装or部分倒装?十大考点“点石成金”

2015-11-04王静

求学·理科版 2015年10期
关键词:句首点石成金主句

王静

倒装是每年高考的必考语法项目,高考对倒装的命题重点主要集中在是否倒装、对部分倒装和完全倒装的辨析,并且常与时态结合在一起,有时也结合主谓语一致来考查。

考点1:  in, out, up, down, away, off, now, then等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首的完全倒装。

例1   Hearing the dog barking fiercely , away ____.

A. fleeing the thief              B. fled the thief

C. the thief was fleeing      D. was fleeing the thief

【解析】选B。句意:听到狗凶猛地叫,小偷逃走了。away为副词,在句首引起倒装,flee意为“逃跑”,是不及物动词,移到主语(名词)the thief前面。此句式结构一般不用进行时。

【易错点拨】 若句子的主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。例如:

Away they hurried.他们匆忙地离开了。

考点2:表示地点、方位、时间等介词短语放在句首,句中谓语动词常为sit, stand, lie等不及物动词且主语是名词时的完全倒装。

例2   Just in front of the temple ____with a history of 1000 years.

A. does an old pine tree stand   B. stands an old pine tree

C.an old pine tree is standing    D.an old pine tree stands

【解析】选B。句意为:一颗有千年历史的松树就矗立在寺庙前面。表示地点的介词短语放在句首,句子要完全倒装。此句中,主语是an old pine tree with a history of 1000 years,为单数,所以谓语用第三人称单数stands。正常语序为:An old pine tree with a history of 1000 years stands just in front of the temple.

【易错点拨】在完全倒装的句子中,介词短语不能做主语,位于动词后面的名词就是句子的主语。

考点3: only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时引起的主句部分倒装。

例3   Only when Lily walked into the office _______ that she had left the contract at home.

A. she realized B. has she realized

C. she has realized D. did she realize

【解析】选D。句意:直到Lily走进办公室,她才意识到她把合同放在家里了。only修饰做状语的从句/介词短语/副词,并放在句首时,主句多用部分倒装。由宾语从句中的过去完成时可知,主句应用一般过去时。

【易错点拨】如果only修饰的名词或代词做主语放在句首,则主句不必倒装。如:Only she can do it well. 只有她才能把这件事做好。

考点4: never, seldom, little, hardly, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, not等具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词置于句首时的部分倒装。

例4  “Never for a second, ”the boy says, “______that my father would come to my rescue. ”

A. I doubted B. do I doubt

C. I have doubted D. did I doubt

【解析】选D。句中never为否定词,置于句首时句子应该使用部分倒装,因此排除A项和C项。从句中的would表示过去将来时,根据主从句时态一致性的原则,主句应该使用过去时。

考点5: at no time (从来没有),by no means (决不),in no way (决不),in no case (决不),under no circumstances (在任何情况下都不)等含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时的部分倒装。

例5   At no time ______ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

A. they actually broke B. do they actually break

C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken

【解析】at no time放在句首,句子要用倒装。故排除A和D两项。又因为句中的时态是一般过去时, 所以选C。

考点6: no sooner...than..,hardly/ scarcely...when...,not until...,not only...but also... ,neither...nor等表示否定意义的固定搭配连词置于句首时的倒装。

例6  No sooner _______stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had

C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has

【解析】选A。句意:莫言一登上舞台,观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than(一……就……),no sooner所在的句子用过去完成时,位于句首时要把had提前,构成主句部分倒装。

【易错点拨】类似的结构有hardly/ scarcely...when...,另外还要注意以下句型:

not only...but also...连接两个并列句,not only位于句首,第一个分句要部分倒装。

Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.我们不能害怕困难,还要尽全力克服它们。

neither, nor连接两个并列分句时,由于neither,nor都是否定词,所以其前后分句均用倒装结构。

Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. 我不知道这件事,我也不关心。

考点7: 在 so/such...that结构中,so/such提前至句首时的主句谓语部分的部分倒装。

例7  So amused ____ that I couldnt help laughing when I saw the children dressed up as Santa Clauses on Christmas Day.

A. did l feel         B.had I felt        C.was I felt        D.I felt

【解析】在so...that结构中,so +副词部分置于句首时,主句部分谓语用部分倒装,在that引导的状语从句中,从句谓语不用倒装。另外, that从句中谓语saw是一般过去时,根据主从句时态一致性的原则,答案为A项。

例8   ______ at the news that her father injured in the traffic accident that her eyes rained tears.

A. So was Mary sad        B. So sad was Mary

C. So sad Mary was        D. Was Mary so sad

【解析】句意:当玛丽听到她爸爸在交通事故中受伤的消息时,她难过地哭了。在so...that结构中,so和形容词提前时,后面的be动词要移到主语前面,故选B项。

考点8:省略连词if,将were/had/should提到主语之前的虚拟条件句的从句部分倒装。

例9   It might have saved me much trouble ________ the schedule.

A. did I know           B. have I known

C. do I know            D. had I known

【解析】选D。 根据主句中的It might have saved可知,从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时,表示对过去事实的虚拟。完整的从句是if I had known the schedule,if可以省略,同时将had提前,构成倒装。

考点9: so/ neither + be/have /助动词/情态动词 + 主语,表示“也(不)……”的部分倒装。

例10   As fuel prices rose, bus companies raised their fares and ______.

A. so did the airlines      B. nor did the airline

C. so the airlines did      D. nor the airlines did

【解析】句意:因为燃料价格上涨,公交公司和航空公司都上涨了票价。表示“某人/物的情况也是如此”,用so +助动词+主语,故A项正确。

例11   ——As a teenager, our son should have two or three hobbies to be really happy.

——_____.   But how can he afford the time with so much homework every day?

A. So does he           B. So he does

C. So should he        D. So he should

【解析】本题考查特殊句型,so does he和so should he为倒装结构,意为“也……”,不符合语境。so he does 和so he should意为“他确实……”,符合题意。此外,根据第一句中our son should have...可以排除B项,故选D项。

例12   ——The man has great determination and never gives up.

——______.

A. So do you                B. Neither do you

C. So is with you         D. It is the same with you

【解析】当表达前者的情况也适用于后者,而这种情况既有肯定也有否定的时候,用it is the same with...或so it is with...,故选D项。

考点10: as/ though引导的让步状语从句的部分倒装。

例13   Unsatisfied _____with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.

A. though was he         B. though he was

C. he was though         D. was he though

【解析】“尽管对工资不满意,但为了获得工作经验,他还是接受了这份工作”,though引导的让步状语从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首时,主谓顺序不变,故B项正确。

【易错点拨】若表语是名词,其前面不用冠词。例如:

Student as he is,he doesnt study as hard as he can.

尽管他是个学生,但他对待学习并没有竭尽全力。

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