□ 文/本刊记者 李静 图/丹麦驻重庆总领事馆提供

守尔慈主持修建重庆第一条铁路的丹麦人

□ 文/本刊记者 李静 图/丹麦驻重庆总领事馆提供

而这个人，是重庆第一条铁路的设计者，被誉为“重庆詹天佑”，他的名字叫守尔慈，是地地道道的丹麦人，被誉为“在重庆的第一位丹麦人”。

守尔慈和北川铁路改变了重庆

说起重庆的第一条铁路，不少人的第一反应是成渝铁路。其实，成渝铁路只是新中国成立后建成的第一条铁路。1934年建成通车的北川铁路，才是重庆历史上第一条铁路。更让人想不到的是：主持修建北川铁路的工程师，竟是来自遥远的北欧丹麦。

1928年，中国航运业先驱卢作孚要修建一条铁路来运输天府煤矿的煤炭。当时重庆没有铁路，单靠中国工程师也无法完成精确的勘查、设计。最终，卢作孚在上海找到了原胶济铁路总工程师守尔慈，当年已63岁高龄的他带着日本妻子一起来到了重庆，亲自出任北川铁路总工程师。

守尔慈在渝事迹展

这条铁路全长16.5公里，起点站位于四川天府煤矿，终点站位于重庆嘉陵江边的白庙子水码头。据了解，北川铁路分为三期建设，按照建成一段通车一段的原则进行施工。项目于1928年11月破土动工，到1929年，北川铁路一期工程水岚垭至土地垭段8.7公里的铁路建成，并购置了两台26千瓦蒸汽机车，11月正式通车营运。

1930年秋，开工二期工程，铁路向两头延伸修建，到1931年5月，修成从白庙子码头至大田坎的北川铁路，后来施工方又分别购置81千瓦和55千瓦蒸汽机车各一台，全线贯通并投入营运。

1933年6月，第三期工程开工，着手修建重力绞车下煤轨道等配套设施，购置55千瓦蒸汽机车一台及自动卸煤车20辆。到1934年3月31日，整个北川铁路工程完工。工程总投资75万元，形成了完整的运输系统，日运煤量可达千余吨。在抗战期间，这条铁路供应了重庆近一半的用煤量。

“川渝两地多山地，这条铁路修建的难度较大。”卢作孚的后人卢晓钟先生说，最令人震撼的是，由于缺少机械设备，开山辟石全靠人工，当时筑路工就有近千人。虽然困难程度令人难以想象，最终在各方的努力下，戴家沟至大田坎全长4.1公里段建成通车。自此，南起嘉陵江北岸的白庙子，北止大田坎，全长16.8公里的北川铁路实现了全线通车，重庆有了第一条铁路。除了运煤，线路也供沿线居民乘坐。

传承重庆和丹麦的世纪友谊

北川铁路建成后，守尔慈还参与了北碚老城区的规划工作，以及对北碚农村城镇模式的布局和古代四川都江堰灌溉系统的科学测量等。完成这些艰苦的工作后，守尔慈最终全家定居在了四川。

NT-proBNP与BNP同属于钠尿肽家族，是心肌细胞受牵拉后心室反应性分泌的一种神经激素。两者均来自脑利钠肽前体，释放入血后具有拮抗肾素-醛固酮-血管紧张素系统、利尿利钠、调节体内电解质酸碱平衡及抑制交感神经系统等多种生物学作用[8-9]。此外，有研究[10-11]提示NT-proBNP较BNP性质更加稳定，具有半衰期长、特异性强、敏感性高、不受运动和体位影响等特点，在心力衰竭的诊断、鉴别诊断和预后分析等方面具有更显著的优势。

1943年，为了躲避日军空袭，78岁的守尔慈坐上了前往丰都的轮船。航行途中，因心脏病发作，守尔慈在丰都去世。但令人扼腕的是，事后人们虽然找到了当时由丰都地方医院院长开具的死亡证明，但至今仍无法确定守尔慈具体的埋葬地点。

回顾历史，我们不得不对这位为重庆发展作出巨大贡献的丹麦人肃然起敬。此次事迹展，用多幅图片和传记来展示守尔慈在重庆的生活，许多照片都是首次向公众展出。他们真实地再现了上世纪30年代的重庆，以及守尔慈在重庆的生活点滴。所有展品均由丹麦Hejls-Hejsminde历史档案馆以及民生实业集团有限公司提供。

开幕仪式当天，守尔慈的曾表侄Jens Schott Knudsen以及民生实业集团有限公司总裁、卢作孚先生的后人卢晓钟也来到现场，共同分享了他们的故事。而守尔慈的孙女，Ingrid Sundy Wang女士也特地从菲律宾马尼拉来到重庆参加此次活动，实现了中丹跨三代后的再次握手。

两个国家，一座城市。卢作孚先生和守尔慈先生的合作，为重庆的建设以及丹麦重庆两地的交流合作做出了卓越的贡献，也见证了重庆和丹麦的世纪友谊。

On November 1， 2015， in Baixiang Street，Yuzhong district， on the occasion of 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relationship of Sino-Denmark and 10 years anniversary of the establishment of the Danish Consulate General in Chongqing， the “Exhibition of Shultz Story in Chongqing" was held for free in public for a month in Chongqing. The Picturesbiography presents a story of a foreign engineer who used to work and live in Chongqing.

And this man， who happens to be the designer of the first railway in Chongqing， known as the“Zhan Tianyou of Chongqing "， his name is Jesper J. Shultz， who is also known as "the f rst Danish in Chongqing".

Shultz and Beichuan Railway that Change Chongqing

Speak of the first railway in Chongqing， the Chengdu-Chongqing railway came up to many people's mind.In fact， it was the first railway that was built after the founding of new China. In 1934 the Beichuan railway was the first railway in Chongqing's history. What's more surprising，the engineer who built Beichuan railway was from Denmark.

In 1928， the pioneer of Chinese shipping industry，Mr. Lu Zuofu was going to build a railway to transport Tianfu coal mines. There was no railway in Chongqing then， not by the Chinese engineers. Eventually， Lu Zuofu had found the Chief Engineer of original Jiaoji railway in Shanghai， who was 63 years old； he came to Chongqing with his Japanese wife， and personally served as the chief engineer of Beichuan railway.

The railway was 16.5-kilometre long， starting at Tianfu coal mine in Sichuan Province； the Terminal is located in Baimiaozi pier of the Jialing River in Chongqing. It is understood that Beichuan railway was divided into three stages project， it was built according to the principle of opening one by one. The project started in November， 1928， and the f rst stage project， the 8.7-km railway from Shuilanya to Tudiya was done， with the purchase of two 26-kilowatt steam locomotive， had off cially startedoperation in November， 1929.

In fall of 1930， the second phase of the project had started.In June of 1933， the third phase of the project started， focused on building gravity winch of coal tracks and other facilities， purchase of 55-kilowatt steam locomotives and 20 automatic unloading trucks. On March 31， 1934， the whole Beichuan railway project was accomplished. It cost a total investment of 750，000 Yuan， which had formed a complete transport system with thousands tons of daily coal transport capacity. During the war，this railway had supplied nearly half of the amount of coal used in Chongqing.

"Sichuan and Chongqing are very mountainous， the railway construction was more difficult than we thought.” said by Lu Zuofu's posterity， Mr. Lu Xiaozhong， the most shocking thing was that due to the lack of machinery and equipments， mountains was all by hands， there were thousands of people building the road. Difficulties were unimaginable. Besides carrying coalmines， the f rst railway in Chongqing was also provided ride for residents.

lnheritance of Century Friendship Between Chongqing and Denmark

After Beichuan railway was completed， Jesper J. Shultz also participated in the planning work of Beibei District， as well as the layout of rural urbanization of Beibei and scientif c measurements of the ancient Dujiangyan irrigation system. After completing the hard work， Shultz and his family eventually settled in Sichuan.

In 1943， in order to avoid Japanese air raids，the 78 year old Shultz got on the ship to Fengdu. Unfortunately he died from a heart attack on his way to Fengdu. But it is lamentable that after people found the death certif cate issued by the director of local hospital in Fengdu County， they still couldn't conf rm the burial site

In retrospect， we have to respect this Danish friend who had made such a great contribution for the development of Chongqing. The Exhibition showed Shultz's life in Chongqing by these picture and biography， many of which are showing to the public for the first time. They truly reproduced Chongqing back in the 30's of the last century， and his life in Chongqing. All exhibits were provided by Denmark Hejls-Hejsminde historical archives， as well as Minsheng shipping company.

On the day of the opening ceremony， Shultz's great great grand nephew， Mr.Jens Schott Knudsen and the President of Minsheng industry group， Lu zuofu's descendant， Mr. Lu Xiaozhong also showed up at the ceremony， and shared their stories. Shultz's granddaughter， Mrs. Ingrid Sundy Wang also came to Chongqing from Manila， Philippines to attend this event， which has realized the dream of shaking hands across three generations again.

Two countries， one city. The cooperation between Mr. Lu Zuofu and Mr. Shultz has made outstanding contributions to Chongqing's construction， exchanges and cooperation between the two places， which has also witnessed the century friendship between Chongqing and Denmark.

Jesper J. Shultz A Danish Man Who Presides Over the Construction of the First Railway in Chongqing

□ Written by Li Jing