华洵璐 钱仁界 张宪中 匡群 孙梅 张一平

摘要 [目的]研究不同芽孢杆菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪生长、腹泻和饲料消化率的影响。[方法]对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别添加“凝结芽孢杆菌+巨大芽孢杆菌”、“酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌”、“凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌”和“凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌+巨大芽孢桿菌”复合制剂，添加量0.2%，饲喂43 d，研究芽孢杆菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪生长、腹泻和饲料消化率的影响。[结果]各试验组均能显著提高平均日增重、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率，显著降低摄食率和饲料系数（P<0.05），其中试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组又比试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组更显著（P<0.05）。各试验组均能显著降低腹泻率和粪便大肠杆菌数量，显著提高粪便乳酸菌数量（P<0.05），其中试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组在降低大肠杆菌上比试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组更显著（P<0.05）。各试验组均能显著提高粗蛋白和粗纤维的消化率（P<0.05），但对粗脂肪、粗灰分和磷的消化吸收无影响（P>0.05），其中试验Ⅳ组的粗蛋白消化率最高（P<0.05）。[结论]试验Ⅳ组采用的复合制剂养殖效果最为理想，经济效益最为显著，具有一定的推广应用价值。

关键词 芽孢杆菌;断奶仔猪;生长性能;腹泻;饲料消化率

中图分类号 S963.73  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2015）03-166-05

Effects of Different Bacillus Complex Preparation on the Growth Performance， Diarrhea and Feed Digestibility in Weaned Piglets

HUA Xunlu¹， QIAN Renjie²， ZHANG Xianzhong³， ZHANG Yiping¹* et al

（1. Jiangsu Limited Company of Suwei Microbiology， Wuxi， Jiangsu 214063; 2. Wuxi Nanyang Limited Company of Agricultural and Livestock Industry， Wuxi， Jiangsu 214189; 3.Wuxi Master Generalization Station of Fishery and Animal Husbandry， Wuxi， Jiangsu 214036）

Abstract [Objective] This paper was conducted to investigate the effects of a diet supplemented various Bacillus complex preparation on the growth performance， diarrhea and feed digestibility in weaned piglets. [Method] The control group was fed a basal diet. The experiment group Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ， Ⅳ were supplemented “Bacillus coagulans + Bacillus megaterium”， ”Clostridium butyricun + Bacillus megaterium”， “Bacillus coagulans + Clostridium butyricun” and “Bacillus coagulans + Clostridium butyricun + Bacillus megaterium” complex preparation respectively. The supplemented content was 0.2%， and the feeding time was 43 days. Effects of different Bacillus complex preparation on weaned piglets growth， diarrhea and feed digestibility were studied. [Result] All of the experiment groups significantly increased the average daily gain， weight gain rate， specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio （P<0.05）; significantly decreased the feeding rate and the feed coefficient ratio （P<0.05）; and the experiment group Ⅲ and Ⅳ appeared more significantly than the experiment group Ⅰ and Ⅱ（P<005）. All of the experiment groups significantly decreased the diarrhea rate and the fecal Escherichia coli amount （P<0.05）， significantly increased the fecal Lactic acid bacteria amount （P<0.05）， and the experiment group Ⅲ and Ⅳ appeared more significantly than the experiment group Ⅰ and Ⅱ in the reduce of fecal Escherichia coli amount （P<0.05）. All of the experiment groups significantly increased the digestion rate of crude protein and crude fiber （P<0.05）， but had no effects on the digestion of crude fat， crude ash and total phosphorus （P>0.05）， and the crude protein digestion rate of experiment group Ⅳwas the highest （P<0.05）. [Conclusion] The complex preparation used in experiment group Ⅳhad the best breeding effect， the highest economic benefit， and it had the value of extension and application.

Key words Bacillus; Weaned piglets; Growth performance; Diarrhea; Feed digestibility

芽孢杆菌对培养条件要求簡单，产生的孢子环境耐受性强，进入动物肠道后对动物产生多种益生功效。这些特点使芽孢杆菌成为理想的饲用微生物添加剂，目前普遍使用的主要是产有机酸的芽孢杆菌和好氧的芽孢杆菌^[1] 。

凝结芽孢杆菌为兼性厌氧的有孢子性乳酸菌，在动物肠道内能通过产生大量乳酸、抗菌凝固素、氨基酸、维生素和多种消化酶，有效抑制有害菌生长，改良肠道微生态平衡，促进肠道发育和增强肠道功能，促进饲料消化吸收，降低腹泻率和饲料系数^[2] 。酪酸菌（又称酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌）为革兰氏阳性厌氧杆菌，能产生对机体具有保健作用的丁酸、B族维生素和维生素K等物质，促进肠道上皮组织细胞再生和修复，促进有益菌增殖，抑制有害菌生长，减少肠毒素发生，提高饲料利用率^[3] 。……