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86例新生儿重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征回顾分析

2015-10-21李文斌常立文刘伟容志惠蔡保欢

中华急诊医学杂志 2015年3期
关键词:治疗诊断新生儿

李文斌 常立文 刘伟 容志惠 蔡保欢

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2015.03.006

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81370099);2011国家临床重点专科建设项目;“十五”国家科技攻关计划资助项目(2004BA720A11);湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2013CFB087);华中科技大学自主创新研究基金(国际科技合作专项2014XJGH008)

作者单位:430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院儿科

通信作者:常立文,Email:lwchang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn

【摘要】目的 参照柏林会议标准探讨新生儿重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的诊断、治疗及预后。 方法 回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2005年1月至2013年12月收治的86例新生儿重度ARDS患儿的诊断、治疗、胸部X线特点、病死率、并发症发生情况及使用呼吸机参数等临床资料。结果 (1)86例患儿治愈55例,死亡31例,病死率36.0%(31/86);(2)入院胸部X线片示双肺透亮度降低呈毛玻璃状,肺纹理粗乱或可见小点片状或斑片状阴影者36例;双肺弥漫性浸润影且有大片融合实变,可见“支气管充气征”者26例;心影、膈面不清,甚至呈“白肺”改变者24例;(3)合并持续肺动脉高压(PPHN)者68例,发生率79.1%(68/86);(4)將86例患儿分为存活组和死亡组,结果显示,与存活组比较,死亡组上呼吸机前所需FiO2更高、PaO2及PaO2/FiO2更低(P<0.01),且上呼吸机后所需吸气峰压(PIP)初调值更高(P<0.01)。结论 新生儿ARDS病情危重,病死率高;目前尚缺乏统一的诊断标准;对其治疗,应是在给予相应呼吸支持治疗基础上的综合治疗。

【关键词】急性呼吸窘迫综合征;诊断;治疗;新生儿;回顾性分析

A retrospective analysis of 86 newborns with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Li Wenbin, Chang Liwen,Liu Wei, Rong Zhihui, Cai Baohuan. Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

Corresponding author: Chang Liwen, Email: lwchang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn

【Abstract】Objective To investigate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neonates with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) according to Berlin definition. Methods A retrospective study was carried to analyze the clinical features about diagnosis, treatment, chest X-ray findings, mortality, complications and ventilator parameters in 86 neonates with severe ARDS admitted in the NICU from January 2005 to December 2013. Results (1) Among the 86 cases, 55 were cured, and 31 died with 36.0% mortality. (2) Chest X-ray showed there was decreased lucency of bilateral lungs with ground-glass appearance, lung texture with thick chaos or dot flakes or patchy shadows in 36 neonates; diffuse infiltrates and extensive confluent consolidation shadows in bilateral lungs along with peripheral air brornchograms in 26 cases; heart shadow and diaphragmatic surface disappeared like a “white lung” change in 24 cases. (3) Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn as a complication occurred in 68 cases with 79.1% incidence. (4) Eighty-six cases were categorized into survival group and death group. The results showed compared with the survival group, the neonates in death group required higher FiO2, and PaO2,and lower PaO2/FiO2before mechanical ventilation (P<0.01), but needed higher initial PIP of mechanical ventilation (P<0.01). Conclusions Neonatal ARDS is still a kind of critical condition with high mortality and lack of evidence-based diagnostic criteria so far. The therapeutic strategy for neonatal ARDS should be a comprehensive measures in addition to appropriate respiratory support.

【Key words】Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Diagnosis; Treatment; Neonate; Retrospective analysis

急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)/ 急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS) 是由多种原因引起的肺部弥漫性损害,以顽固性低氧血症、呼吸窘迫、肺顺应性下降和弥漫性渗出为主要特征,ARDS是ALI的严重形式。有报道,ARDS病死率高达50%[1-2]。导致ALI / ARDS的高危因素分为直接性和间接性因素两类。与成人和年长儿不同,围生期窒息、败血症是导致新生儿间接肺损伤的最常见高危因素,而胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)、肺炎则是导致新生儿直接肺损伤的最常见高危因素。……

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