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多发伤患者低体温、酸中毒及凝血功能障碍临床研究

2015-10-21李辉陈少军唐朝晖邓海姚尧张峻菠王德平倪柯

中华急诊医学杂志 2015年3期

李辉 陈少军 唐朝晖 邓海 姚尧 张峻菠 王德平 倪柯

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2015.03.018

基金項目:国家自然科学基金(81172803)

作者单位:430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院创伤外科(李辉、唐朝晖、姚尧、邓海、张峻菠、王德平、倪柯); 宜昌市第一人民医院神经外科(陈少军);李辉与陈少军为本文共同第一作者

通信作者:唐朝晖,Email: tangzh45@hotmail.com

【摘要】目的 研究多发伤患者伤后低体温、酸中毒及凝血功能障碍的发生规律及相互影响。方法 选取2012年1月至2013年12月收治的713例创伤患者,其中单发伤患者184例及多发伤患者529例,并依据创伤严重程度将多发伤患者分为普通多发伤组、严重多发伤组及危重多发伤组。观察伤后低体温、酸中毒及凝血功能障碍发生的规律,分析了它们之间的内在联系及与休克的关系。结果 多发伤组患者低体温发生率为8.1%,凝血功能障碍发生率为27.6%;酸中毒发生率为18.9%,致死性三联征的发生率为7.8%,均高于单发伤组患者(P<0.05,P<0.01)。致死性三联征的发生率随着多发伤患者创伤严重的增加而升高,其中在普通多发伤亚组发生率为2.0%,在严重多发伤亚组发生率为7.1%,在危重多发伤亚组发生率为11.1%,各亚组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。合并休克的多发伤患者,酸中毒、凝血功能障碍及致死性三联征的发生率均显著高于不伴休克的多发伤患者(P<0.01)。结论 多发伤患者伤后易出现低体温、酸中毒及凝血功能障碍,而休克是其其主要诱因。

【关键词】多发伤;低体温;酸中毒;凝血功能障碍

Clinical study of hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy in the patients with multiple trauma

Li Hui, Chen Shaojun, Tang Zhaohui, Deng Hai,Yao Yao,Zhang Junbo,Wang Deping, Ni Ke. Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

Corresponding author: Tang Zhaohui,Email:tangzh45@hotmail.com

【Abstract】Objective To observe the incidence of hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy in the patients with multiple trauma and to explore the potential relationship among them. Methods A retrospective study was carried out to observe the incidences of hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy and shock from a database of 713 trauma patients consisting of 184 simple trauma patients and 529 multiple trauma patients. Moreover, the multiple trauma patients were classified into critical multiple trauma subgroup (CMT), severe multiple trauma subgroup (SMT) and mild multiple trauma subgroup (MMT) by using injury severity score. The potential relationships among shock and hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy were analyzed. Results Analysis of data from the database indicated that the incidences of hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy and lethal triad in multiple trauma patients were 8.1%, 18.9%, 27.6% and 7.8%, respectively, which were significantly higher compared with simple trauma patients (P<0.05, P<0.01). As increase in disease severity, the incidence of lethal triad was significantly higher in CMT subgroup (11.1%) compared with SMT subgroup (7.1%) and MMT subgroup (2.0%)(P<0.05). Multiple trauma patients, particularly with hypovolaemic shock, tended to have higher incidence of hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy (P<0.01). Conclusion Our study demonstrates the high incidences of hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy are prominent in the patients with multiple trauma. Moreover, post-traumatic shock is the major factor to induce the occurrence of hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy and triad of death in the patients with multiple trauma.

【Key words】Multiple trauma;Hypothermia; Acidosis; Coagulopathy

多发伤患者伤后出现低体温、酸中毒及凝血功能障碍,即“致死性三联征”,常預示患者的生理潜能已达极限,是预后不良的警示指标,也是多发伤患者适用损伤控制性外科技术的重要依据[1-2]。这些虽已是国际创伤界的共识,但目前国内尚无对此问题的系统研究数据,对其认知大多借助国外资料,而国内与欧美等发达国家在急救体系及创伤处理等诸多方面存在差距。有鉴于此,本研究通过2年对713例创伤患者(包括529例多发伤)伤后低体温和酸中毒及凝血功能障碍发生的程度、规律进行了系统观察及深入探讨,希望能为认识国内多发伤后“致死性三联征”的实际发生状况及早期预防和处理提供依据。……

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