浅埋隧道施工监测探讨
2015-10-21马永健张武英
马永健 张武英
摘 要:结合大安沟隧道施工过程,对该隧道施工进行现场监测与分析,结果表明:(1)隧道开挖支护后,裂隙较发育,存在有岩层位移、介质失稳等潜在危险,应当及时进行支护增强;(2)隧道周边收敛呈现不规整性,在监测初期呈现扩张趋势,而逐渐转入收缩阶段,并且之后不会再出现明显的扩张现象;(3)拱顶沉降呈现"抛物线"型规律,沉降阶段划分为迅速沉降阶段和缓和逐渐趋于稳定阶段。该研究结果,不仅为浅埋隧道支护设计提供了有力依据,还对隧道施工起到了一定的指导作用。
关键词:隧道;周边收敛;拱顶沉降;施工监测
Study of Shallow Tunnel construction monitoring
-- In Case of Da'an Tunnel
MA Yongjian 1 ZHANG Wuying 2
(1. Institute of Remote Sensing Application of ARSC,Xi'an 710000;
2.Beijing Tiecheng Construction Supervision CO., Limited,Beijing 100855)
Abstract: Combined with the Da'an tunnel construction process, the tunnel construction site monitoring and analysis, and the results show that: (1)After the tunnel excavation and support, fracture is developed, there is rock displacement, instability and other potentially dangerous medium, enhanced support should be timely;(2)Tunneling convergence presents irregularity, showing expansion in the early trend monitoring, and gradually into the contraction phase, and thereafter no longer significant expansion phenomenon;(3)Tunnel crown settlement presents "parabolic" type law, and the phases of crown settlement divided into rapid subsidence stage and ease gradually stabilized stage. The findings not only provide a strong basis for Shallow tunnel support design but also the construction of the tunnel has played a guiding role.
Keywords:Tunnel; Surrounding convergence; Crown settlement; Construction monitoring
引 言
浅埋隧道最大特点为埋深浅,在隧道开挖过程中对地层扰动较大,地应力平衡和地应力重新分配明显,并且对地表工程、周边环境造成较大的影响和破坏,而地质环境的复杂和隧道埋深的减小更加大了浅埋隧道掘进造成的地层扰动。因此,浅埋隧道的施工更应注意隧道设计和施工技术选择[1-4]。在现有浅埋隧道施工中,以明挖(盖挖)法、盾构法和浅埋暗,
挖法为主,而浅埋暗挖法因占用地表面积小,埋深要求低,适用于不同断面,对地层扰动小对周边交通和环境影响小,造价低而优于其他方法[2]。面对不同的地质水文条件,浅埋隧道施工面临着不同施工工艺的选择和更复杂的监控量测。随着信息化水平的提升,隧道开挖工艺实现信息化的施工,按照相关规程和设计要求,采用合理的监测手段和仪器,对浅埋隧道进行信息化、实时性的施工监测,并根据监测结果进行支护增强、选择二衬合理时机、验证支护形式和参数、评价施工质量等[2-7]。……
