胎膜早破的观察与临床护理
2015-10-21黄秀娟孙义菊
黄秀娟 孙义菊
摘要:目的:回顾2012年12月~2013年12月收治的438例胎膜早破病例,总结胎膜早破的护理措施。方法:对438例胎膜早破病例资料进行分析。结果:438例中发生新生儿死亡2例。结论:正确处理胎膜早破的孕妇,做好胎膜早破的护理,特别是心理护理,积极预防并发症发生,可减少新生儿围生期窒息率及死亡率。孕妇在临产前胎膜破裂称胎膜早破,胎膜早破是产科临床常见的产前并发症[1]。其发生率占分娩的2.7%~10%,其对妊娠、分娩不利的影响是早产率升高、围生儿死亡率增加、宫内感染率及产褥感染率皆升高[2]。现将我院2012年12月~2013年12月收治的438例胎膜早破病例进行分析,提出相应的护理,临床效果满意,现报道如下:
Abstract:Objective: review in December 2012 ~ 2013 December 438 cases of fetal membrane early broken case, to sum up the experience in the nursing of patients with premature rupture of membranes (PROM).Methods: the data of 438 cases of premature rupture of membranes were analyzed.?Results: 438 cases of neonatal death occurred in 2 cases.?Conclusion: the correct treatment of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes, premature rupture of membranes, nursing, especially psychological care, and actively prevent complications, can reduce the neonatal asphyxia rate and mortality.Pregnant women in early rupture of membranes called premature rupture of membranes, premature rupture of membranes is a common clinical obstetric prenatal complications.?The occurrence rate of delivery accounted for 2.7% ~ 10% of pregnancy, childbirth adverse effects is elevated rates of preterm birth, confining increased neonatal mortality, intrauterine infection rate and puerperal infection rate all increased.?438 cases of premature rupture of membranes treated in our hospital from December 2012 to December 2013 were analyzed and the corresponding nursing and clinical effect were put forward:
1資料与方法
本组产妇年龄19~42岁,孕周30~36周,其中孕34~36周322例,孕33~34周48例,孕31~33周50例,孕30但<31周的18例。初产妇398例,经产妇40例;单胎431例,双胎7例;新生儿死亡2例,共存活436例。本组延长临产时间7~10 d 20例,24 h~7 d ?55例。438例胎膜早破自然分娩315例,占71.9%,剖宫产123例,占28.1%。无产褥感染的发生。新生儿Apgar评分8~10分408例、4~7分14例,小于4分16分例。Apgar评分小于7分的30例均转入新生儿监护病房治疗。其中有2例因孕小于31周,合并硬肿症并发肺透明膜变救治无效死亡。
2胎膜早破的病因
(1)下生殖道感染。生殖道病原微生物上行蔓延感染宫腔,引起胎膜炎,使胎膜局部张力下降导致破裂;(2)羊膜囊内压力升高,常见于双胎妊娠、羊水过多、巨大儿;(3)胎先露部高浮、头盆不称、胎位异常,由于胎先露部不能衔接,胎膜受压不均匀导致破裂;(4)营养因素,如缺乏维生素C、锌及铜,可使胎膜张力下降而破裂;(5)宫颈内口松弛,有先天性或创伤性两种,前羊水囊进入,受压不均匀及胎膜发育不良,导致胎膜早破。
(6)妊娠晚期性生活。
3 胎膜早破的诊断
(1)突然见阴道内有较多液体流出,可见胎脂及胎粪,肛诊将胎先露部上推见阴道流液量增多。(2)窥器检查见液体自宫颈口流出或阴道后穹隆有较多混有胎脂和胎粪的液体。……
