赵元吉

摘 要：运用文献资料、录像资料等，梳理当今世界男子跳马运动员的动作选择趋向及变化规律，对男子跳马优秀运动员两跳动作组合特征进行研究，结果发现：（1）2013版FIG国际体操评分规则对于跳马项目的调整较大，动作价值普遍贬值1.0分，在此基础上对踺子上板类动作进行升值，意在倡导此类动作的发展；（2）国外运动员善于采用“前手翻”接“空翻两周”动作，我国运动员倾向于采用“多度转体”类动作，踺子上板类动作的使用频率较低；（3）“前手翻类”与“侧手翻类”组合仍为当今世界优秀运动员的首选，两次世锦赛运动员共使用了3种动作组合形式，空翻类动作的使用比重依然较高，3次大赛两跳难度价值组合共出现8种形式，拥有绝对难度价值组合仍是夺冠的基础；（4）不断提高落地稳定性的同时，结合运动员特点开发新难度动作，尤其是6.0以上难度动作，采用最佳“两跳组合”方式是提高我国运动员跳马竞争力的关键。

关 键 词：竞赛与训练；男子跳马；世界优秀男子跳马运动员；两跳动作组合

中图分类号：G832.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2015）05-0129-04

Abstract： By means of literature and video analysis， the author sorted out the trend of selection and the pattern of change of movements performed by world excellent horse vaulting male athletes， studied the characteristics of the combinations of two horse vaulting movements performed by excellent horse vaulting male athletes， and revealed the following findings： 1） in the 2013 edition of FIG International Gymnastics Scoring Rules， big adjustments were made to the vaulting horse event， movement values were depreciated by 1.0 point universally， on such a basis， movements in the Arabic spring board category were appreciated in order to promote the development of such movements； 2） foreign athletes are good at using the movement of “forward handspring” followed by “double somersault”， while Chinese athletes tend to use movements in the “multi-degree turn” category， rarely use movements in the Arabic spring board category； 3） the combination of a movement in the “forward handspring” category with a movement in the “sideward handspring” category is still the first choice of world excellent athletes today； 3 movement combinations were used by athletes in two World Gymnastics Championships； the percentage of movements in the somersault category used is still high； totally 8 combinations of two vaulting difficulty value movements appeared in 3 major games； having an absolute difficulty value combination is still the foundation for becoming a champion； 4） developing new difficulty movements according to athlete characteristics， especially movements with a difficulty value of 6.0 or higher， and using the optimal “combination of two vaulting movements”， while constantly improving landing stability， are the keys to increase the horse vaulting competition power of Chinese athletes.

Key words： competition and training；mens vaulting horse；world excellent horse vaulting male athlete；combination of two vaulting movements

男子跳马曾是中国奥运优势项目，20世纪80年代以来，我国一度涌现出多位优秀跳马选手。雅典奥运会之后，罗马尼阿的德拉古莱斯库、波兰的布拉尼克以及韩国梁鹤善等一批优秀运动员一直占据着男子跳马的“统治地位”，他们凭借高难动作组合、较高的完成质量，屡次获得优异成绩[1]。我国男子跳马项目开始陷入低迷，尤其是2004年至今没有运动员闯入世界顶级赛事的决赛。……