刘阳+何劲鹏

摘 要：现阶段对于学校体育改革来说，最大的麻烦还不是课程、教学的改革，而是国家教育法规、政策的强制实施遭遇了合理性的危机。基于国家建设与安全问题高度，在贯彻国家意志、回应社会诉求、体现教育尊严、反映体育规律等维度，阐述了现阶段强制的合理性，并试图通过顶层设计的立法规制、教育政策的严格问责、激发基层微改革力量等教育治理方式的构想，尽快破解我国当前学校体育改革有令不行、政策法规无法实施、说教大于法律和契约的困境，为实现我国学校体育改革的“政令通畅”构建良性的运行机制。

关 键 词：学校体育；强制体育；体质健康；教育哲学；中国

中图分类号：G807.0 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2015）05-0115-06

Abstract： For school physical education reform， the biggest trouble at the current stage is not curriculum and teaching reform， but that the compulsory implementation of national education laws， regulations and policies has run into a rationality crisis. Based on the height of such an issue as national construction and security， in such 4 dimensions as implementing national will， responding to social appeals， showing education dignity and reflecting physical education patterns， the authors expatiated on the rationality of compulsion at the current stage， and tried to break such dilemmas faced by current school physical education reform in China as no execution of orders， no implementation of policies， laws and regulations， preaching being more important than laws and contracts as soon as possible via their conception about such ways of education governance as legislative regulation on top-level designs， strict accountability on education policies， stimulation of the basic levels power for micro reform， so as to establish a benign running mechanism for realizing “unobstructed execution of government orders” in school physical education reform in China.

Key words： school physical education；compulsory physical education；physical health；education philosophy；China

教育哲学作为整个教育科学一门思辨性、方法论性质的学科，其理论视角的介入有助于加深对学校体育改革困境的分析和强制体育合理性的理解，探寻教育强制与自由之间合理定位和必要张力，最终为破解学校体育改革困境提供解决之道。

根据研究的需要，利用中国知网、中国期刊全文数据库等网络资源，检索了2000—2014年有关学校体育的研究文献，以“强制体育”为关键词的文章有5篇，以“学校体育改革”为关键词的文章有861篇，以“体质健康”为关键词的文章有1 339篇。通过对这些文献的阅读以及与有关专家的访谈，可以发现，其核心观点和解释多是从教育或者课程的角度来看改革的实施。那么什么才是学校体育政策执行阻滞，改革效果甚微的因素呢？……