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西葫芦穴盘育苗潮汐灌溉技术研究

2015-09-09刘宏久郑佳琦高艳明等

湖北农业科学 2015年14期

刘宏久 郑佳琦 高艳明等

摘要:以西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)为试材,采用潮汐灌溉和顶部洒水(CK)2种灌溉方式,其中潮汐灌溉有2个灌溉时长水平:15 min/次、30 min/次,3个灌溉频率水平:1次/d、1次/2 d、1次/3 d,共7个处理;探讨了潮汐灌溉和顶部洒水2种灌溉方式对西葫芦穴盘苗生长及生理变化、基质电导率、含水量和灌水量的影响。结果表明,与顶部洒水灌溉方式相比,潮汐灌溉的15 min/次、1次/d处理和30 min/次、1次/d处理的穴盘苗素质最佳,且分别节水10%、6%;最优潮汐灌溉制度是灌溉高度为穴盘高度的2/3 (3 cm)、灌溉时长为15 min/次、灌溉频率为1次/d。

关键词:西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.);潮汐灌溉;灌溉方式;频率;穴盘苗

中图分类号:S642.6;S607+.1;S604+.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)14-3414-05

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.14.021

Effects of Ebb and Flow Irrigation of Summer Squash Plug Seedlings

LIU Hong-jiu,ZHENG Jia-qi,GAO Yan-ming,LI Jian-she

(School of Aguicultural, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

Abstract: Taking summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) as study object, setting two irrigation method between the ebb and flow irrigation and top-irrigation (CK),where ebb and flow irrigation set two irrigation time levels:15 min/times,30 min/times, three irrigation frequency levels:1 times/d,1 times/2 d,1 times/3 d,a total of 7 treatment. Effects of ebb and flow irrigation and top-irrigation on plug seedling growth and physiological changes,matrix conductivity and moisture and irrigation amount was studied. The results showed that: Compared with the top-irrigation,plug seedlings quality and saving water tidal irrigation of 15 min/times +1 times/d and 30 min/times +1 times/d are best,and water saving were respectively 10% and 6%;Under certain environmental conditions, the optimal ebb and flow irrigation system was irrigation height is 3 cm, irrigation time is 15 min/times, irrigation frequency was 1 times/d.

Key words: summer squash(Cucurbita pepo L.); ebb and flow irrigation; irrigation methods; frequency; plug seedling

西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)原产于北美洲,19世纪传入中国,现在国内各地均有大面积栽培[1];目前西葫芦的工厂化育苗技术推广和研究发展迅速,而灌溉是工厂化育苗的关键。工厂化育苗的灌溉主要有传统的顶部洒水灌溉和快速发展的潮汐灌溉等方式[2,3],潮汐灌溉是针对盆栽植物的营养液栽培和容器育苗所设计的底部给水特点而实施的灌溉方式[4],基本原理是使灌溉水从栽培基质底部进入,依靠栽培基质的毛细管作用,将灌溉水供给于植物[5],其主要优点是高效、节水、环保。欧美许多发达国家已对潮汐灌溉作了大量的科学研究,其已成为温室花卉种植和蔬菜工厂化育苗最主要的灌溉方式[6-9]。2010年,中国自主研发的潮汐灌溉系统落户于宁夏回族自治区银川市贺兰园艺产业园[10],它的落成加快了科研工作者对潮汐灌溉的研究步伐。……

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