王从磊+王建贺+梁丹+刘丹+李春+龚海生+时晓伟+冯刚

摘 要：为了初步探明优质强筋春小麦津强5在东北春麦区的品种适应性，本研究通过分析2009—2011连续3年天津武清地区津强5整个物候期的气象特征，总结津强5的生育特点，预测东北春麦区满洲里、通辽、赤峰和锦州4地津强5的引种可能性。利用欧几里德距离公式，计算上述4地与天津武清点在津强5适种期期间的气候距离系数，明确4地的引种相对可能性。结果发现，津强5出苗需要178.1 ℃以上的活动积温，温度积累593.1 ℃完成抽穗，温度积累913.2 ℃、光照积累282.9 h才能够正常成熟；津强5能够在满洲里、通辽、赤峰和锦州4个地区完成整个生长周期，距离系数分析表明锦州地区引种的相对可能性最高，通辽和赤峰次之，满洲里的相对可能性最低。

关键词：东北春麦区；津强5；引种；距离系数

中图分类号：S512.1+2 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.07.025

Abstract： In order to reveal the adaptability of high-quality strong gluten spring wheat variety 'Jinqiang 5' in the northeastern spring wheat region， the growth characteristics of 'Jinqiang 5' were studied in Wuqing Tianjin in 2009—2011 growing season to predict the introduction possibility of this variety in 4 locations of the northeast spring wheat region， Tongliao， Chifeng ， Jinzhou and Manzhouli. Meanwhile， the climate similarity between Wuqing Tianjin and these 4 locations in growing season of 'Jinqiang 5' were calculated to definite relative possibility with formula of Euclid's distance. The results showed that 4 locations all could satisfy with the condition，≥0 ℃ active accumulated temperature needed for normal emergence，heading and maturation of 'Jinqiang 5' were 178.1 ℃， 593.1 ℃ and 913.2 ℃ respectively and illumination time needed for filling were 282.9，and could complete the whole growing period of 'Jinqiang 5'； Analysis of distance coefficient showed that the relative possibility of introduction in Jinzhou was the highest， in Tongliao and Chifeng second ， in Manzhouli lowest .

Key words： northeastern spring wheat region；jinqiang 5；introduction；distance coefficient

小麦是我国第三大粮食作物，年均产量120 Mt左右。虽然近年我国小麦的总量在不断增加，但小麦优质率却在不断下降，仅2012年我国优质小麦的缺口就在20 Mt以上[1]，且逐年加大。目前我国育成的优质小麦品种有师栾02-1、郑麦366、新麦26、西农979、津强5、津强6等[2-3]，在小麦主产区种植优质小麦品种对提升当地小麦整体品质水平、增加农民收入、节约外汇具有重要意义。然而对于没有优质小麦品种的地区可以通过引种广适性品种的方法，快速、有效地解决当地缺少优质品种的问题。吴长城等[4]成功引种优质小麦品种新麦18到驻马店地区，唐映军等[5]引种豫麦56到贵州毕节地区，优质、广适品种烟农19也被成功引种到安徽、山西等地种植。……