赵玉洁等

摘 要：本文针对滨海新区水产养殖对气象服务的迫切需求，对8—11月份滨海新区高密度养虾基地露天实时海水养殖水体监测到的水环境进行了数据分析。结果表明：池塘3层平均水温均高于气温，8—9月水温在20～28 ℃之间，适宜南美白对虾生长。10月以后水温逐渐下降，适宜度降低。阴天和多云天气时，会出现下层水温高于上层水温的情况，形成水体乱流，应特别防范翻塘浮头灾害出现。建立了池塘水温与气温关系模型，实时预报池塘水温，为水产养殖最佳繁育期、放养期、投饵期、捕捞期等生产活动提供科学依据，为大港地区安全水产养殖提供支持。

关键词：海水养殖；水温；气象条件

中图分类号：S932.5 1 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.07.008

Abstract： Respond to the urgent need for meteorological service from aquaculture in Binhai New Area， the real-time data from August to November， of water in mariculture ponds of shrimp base was analyzed. The results showed that the average water temperature of three layers in the ponds were higher than that in air， the water temperature from August to September varied from 20 to 28 ℃， which favored the growth of white shrimp（Penaeus vanamei）. From October， the water temperature gradually declined against growth of shrimp. In overcast and cloudy Days， the temperature of lower layer water was higher than the upper， which caused water turbulence. So， special attention should be paid to guard against the pond hypoxia disasters， and the relational model of the air temperature and water temperature in the pond was established，which can real-time forecast water temperature in the pond and provide a scientific support for the best breeding， feeding， harvest and other activities of aquaculture.

Key words：mariculture； water temperature； weather condition

滨海新区大港地区有着广阔的海水养殖面积，是滨海新区水产养殖的主要地区，共有露天养殖面积2.4万余hm2。水产养殖基本上是露天作业，气象条件与水产养殖的成败息息相关。随着滨海新区的开发建设，大港水产养殖业走上了高效养殖的道路，对气象条件更加敏感，对气象灾害更加脆弱。气象条件在很大程度上决定着养殖对象生长速度、繁殖时间、成活率、病害情况等，还决定了苗种放养、饲料投放时间及投放量、捕捞上市时间和产品运输方式等，影响水产养殖的丰歉、品质和成本的高低，甚至可能导致养殖业的巨大损失。气象因素对水产养殖业的危害主要表现在两方面。 一是灾害性天气如台风、暴雨等引起的严重洪涝或风暴潮造成的“硬杀伤”。……