西北严寒地区牧民定居点人居环境满意度评价研究
2015-09-02李晓萍刘国勇
李晓萍 刘国勇
摘 要:牧民定居是改变畜牧业生产方式,提高牧民生活质量的重大举措,是传统畜牧业向现代畜牧业转变的必然要求。笔者通过对西北严寒地区牧民定居点人居环境满意情况的调查,运用满意度理论和模糊综合评价法,对定居牧民现有人居环境满意度进行评价。研究结论表明牧民对现有人居环境总体满意度偏低,定居点配套设施建设不完善是导致满意度不高的主要原因,为此提出了一些具有针对性的提高定居点整体建设水平的对策建议。
关键词:牧民定居点;人居环境;满意度;模糊综合评价
中图分类号:F126 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.09.019
Research on the Evaluation of Herdsmen Settlement Habitat Environment Satisfaction in Northwestern Area
LI Xiao-ping, LIU Guo-yong
(Xinjiang Agrcultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China)
Abstract:Herdsmen settlement is the measure to change the mode of animal husbandry production, the major initiatives to improve the quality of herdsmen's life, and the inevitable requirement of transformation from traditional to a modern animal husbandry. In this paper, through the investigation of the herdsmen settlement habitat environment satisfaction in northwestern area, using the satisfaction theory and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the article carried on the appraisal to the settled pastoralists existing residential environment satisfaction. The results showed that the herdsmen on the existing residential environment overall satisfaction was low, inadequate construction of settlements facilities was the main cause of low satisfaction. Therefore, the paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for improving the settlement overall construction levels.
Key words:herdsmen settlement;living environment;degree of satisfaction;fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
新疆地处我国西北严寒地区,畜牧业在国民经济中占有重要地位。传统的草地畜牧业完全依赖于自然生态条件,形成了“逐水草而居”的局面,成为游牧生产方式的最基本特征。长期的游牧生产方式,导致草地利用强度越来越大,草地退化严重,草畜矛盾日益加剧。为了改善牧民的生产生活条件,缓解草地压力,让牧民从游牧逐渐走向定居,新疆于20世纪 80 年代开始有计划地大规模实施牧民定居工程,截止到2012年底全疆78%的牧户实现了定居和半定居,牧民生产生活条件得到明显改善,生活水平有较大提高,从而有效防治草地退化,保护生态环境。随着牧民定居工程的推进,牧民定居点人居环境得到了一定的改善,但是,牧民定居水平整体不高,生产生活设施不配套,有房无地、有地无水、棚圈简易等现象普遍存在,严重制约着牧区畜牧业的快速健康发展和牧民增收奔小康目标的实现。……
