焦晓峰　王宪璞　赵越　何天明　吴玉霞

摘 要：对3种苹果砧木的抗缺铁性进行田间对比试验，结果表明，小金海棠、八棱海棠在pH值为8.53的南疆钙质土壤上均生长正常，而在相同土壤上栽植的新疆野苹果却出现出严重的缺铁失绿症状。虽然新疆野苹果叶片中的叶绿素含量和有效铁含量明显低于小金海棠、八棱海棠，但其叶内的全铁含量却高于八棱海棠，而且新疆野苹果的全铁含量与有效铁含量的比值最大，表明发生黄化程度严重。综合分析各个指标测定值后认为，3种苹果砧木对南疆钙质土壤的抗性表现为小金海棠、八棱海棠抗缺铁能力较强，新疆野苹果发生黄化症状最明显，抗缺铁能力最差。

关键词：苹果砧木；全铁含量；有效铁含量；抗缺铁

中图分类号：S661.1 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.09.009

Growth Performance of Three Kinds of Apple Rootstocks on Calcareous Soil in South Xinjiang

JIAO Xiao-feng， WANG Xian-pu， ZHAO Yue， HE Tian-ming， WU Yu-xia

（College of Forestry and Horticulture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830052， China）

Abstract： Field comparison test of different apple rootstocks on resistant to iron deficiency was conducted. The results showed that M. Xiaojinensis Cheng et jiang and M. micromalus Makino rootstock seedlings grew normally without any iron chlorosis symptom at Southern calcareous soil pH 8.53 and its leaf chlorophyll content was much higher than that of M. sieverii Roem （control species）， which showed serious chlorosis under the same pH conditions. Although M.sieverii Roem chlorophyll content and active iron content was significantly lower than M. Xiaojinensis Cheng et jiang and M. micromalus Makino， its total iron content in leaves was not lower than M. micromalus Makino. The ratio of total iron content and maximum active iron content of M. sieverii Roem was the biggest， indicating that the more serious the degree of yellowing. The ability of resistance to iron deficiency of M. micromalus Makino and M. Xiaojinensis Cheng et jiang were higher than that of others. M. sieverii Roem was sensitive to iron deficiency stress， and was weaker than that of others.

Key words： apple rootstock；total iron content；active iron content；resistance to iron deficiency

干旱半干旱区钙质土壤上栽培的果树常发生叶片缺铁失绿症[1]，特别在葡萄、苹果和梨等温带树种中表现尤甚。栽培实践表明，同一树种的不同种（品种）对土壤缺铁性胁迫的抗性有较大差异，这使得在不同砧木品种中选择抗性品种从而矫治主栽品种的缺铁失绿症成为可能。例如，在苹果属植物抗缺铁砧木的研究中，韩振海等[2]发现小金海棠具有较高的抗缺铁特性，而山定子和新疆野苹果则在缺铁逆境下，很容易表现出失绿症状。李振侠等[3]的研究表明，不同苹果砧木各器官的铁含量随着铁处理浓度的增加而会发生相应的改变，当根系中铁含量高于枝叶中铁含量时，表明该砧木的抗性较强，而相反则较弱。……