方霞等

[摘要] 目的 通过量表问卷调查的方法调查我市两家三乙医院临床护士的职业紧张现状及影响因素。 方法 使用职业紧张量表修订版为调查工具，对我市三乙医院708名在职护士进行调查，比较不同人口学特征的职业紧张得分差异。 结果 职业任务总分（161.6±21.2），个体紧张反应（105.4±26.9），个体应对资源（113.2±28.0），职业紧张总分为（380.2±34.2），影响职业紧张的因素有护理工作强度大、要求高、风险大以及社会因素、护士自身因素。结论 我市两家医院护士职业紧张度处于一个较高水平，应采取针对性措施调整管理方式以降低护士职业紧张水平，提高护士应对职业紧张的能力。

[关键词] 人口学特征；临床护士；职业紧张

[中图分类号] R395 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2015）22-0153-04

Survey on the occupational stress of clinical nurses with different demographic features

FANG Xia LIU Meifen FAN Ligui

The Second Ward of Department of Gynecology， Rui'an People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province，Rui'an 325200，China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the occupational stress and its influencing factors of the clinical nurses in two Grade-three Class-B hospitals in Ruian through questionnaires. Methods With the revised edition of the Occupational Stress Inventory as the tool， investigated 708 in-service nurses in the Grade-three Class-B hospitals， compared different scores of the occupational stress among different demographic groups. Results The outcome was as follows： the total score of occupational task was （161.6±21.2）， individual nervous reaction， （105.4±26.9）， individual reaction to resources， （113.2±28.0） and the total score of occupational stress， （380.2±34.2）. The factors causing the occupational stress include the great intensity， high requirement and big risk in nursing， social reasons and the nurses personal reasons. Conclusion The occupational stress of these two hospitals is comparatively high and targeted measures should be taken to adjust the administrative method so as to lower the nurses occupational stress level and increase their ability to cope with occupational stress.

[Key words] Demographic characteristics； Clinical nurse； Occupational stress

职业紧张是个体特性与工作环境之间的相互作用，导致工作需求超过了个体的应对能力而发生的紧张[1，2]。在我国，随着社会需求的变化，人们对护理的要求也越来越高，护士已不仅仅局限于打针、发药一类的事务性工作，更加关注对患者生理、心理的照护。护士作为一个为人们提供健康服务的特殊职业群体，在职业活动中不可避免地受到职业紧张因素的影响，对其生理、心理和行为造成危害。由于较重的工作任务、责任，对医生、护士造成较大的心理压力，这种压力长期存在可能导致情感障碍和身心疾病[3]，极大地影响了医疗质量。本文旨在通过对我市两家三乙医院708名临床护士职业紧张的调查，探讨影响临床护士职业紧张的影响因素，调整管理策略，现报道如下。……