FSAE赛车两种形式不等长双横臂独立悬架的运动位移比例建模仿真与对比研究
2015-08-19刘泽张新
刘泽++张新



摘 要:拉杆式与推杆式不等长双横臂独立悬架应用于大多数的FSAE赛车,赛车弹簧运动位移与车轮中心位移比例的大小不仅影响着其弹簧刚度的选取,同时影响着操纵稳定性。分别建立赛车左侧前悬架拉杆式与推杆式机构的物理模型,应用牛顿-辛普森方法进行悬架几何运动分析,并通过运动学仿真分析探索较精确地获得该比例大小的方法,之后对两种机构形式求得的该比例变化趋势进行对比分析,求取它们的等效刚度并得出推杆式可得到更大的等效刚度的结论,为FSAE赛车悬架系统设计提供了有益的建议。
关键词:FSAE赛车;不等长双横臂独立悬架;仿真与对比;运动比例位移
中图分类号:U462.1 文献标识码:A
Model Simulation and Comparative Study for the Motion Ratio of Unequal Double-Arm Suspension from a FSAE Racing Car
Liu Ze1,2, Zhang Xin1,2
(1.School of Vehicle and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, ,Changsha 410114,Hunan,China;2.Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle, Changsha, 410114, Hunan Province_410000,,China)
Abstract:Almost every FSAE racing car applies pullrod and pushrod unequal double-arm suspension. The motion ratio between spring and wheel center effects the calculation of the spring stiffness, also effect the ride and roll of the race car. Built the physical model of the pullrod and pushrod suspension at the left front wheel, used Newton-Raphson method to analysis the kinematics of suspension geometry. And got the method which calculated the motion ratio correctly by kinematics simulation analysis. Also compared and analyzed the trend of the motion ratio curve, than calculated the effective stiffness of pullrod and pushrod, and finally got the pushrod had larger effective stiffness. Provide some useful suggestions for the suspension system design.
Key words:FSAE racing car; unequal double-arm suspension; simulation and comparison; motion ratio
引 言
FSAE赛车为是针对中国大学生方程式汽车大赛的比赛用车,大赛要求该赛车应具备良好的操纵稳定性以满足比赛安全与需要。这类赛车采用的前悬架形式大都为不等长双横臂独立悬架,原因在于该种悬架它有较大的设计自由度,可以获得想要的赛车性能。【[1]】。该这种悬架可以根据需要调整赛车静态时侧倾中心的位置,并且减少赛车侧倾时受载车轮的正外倾角,使轮胎与地面接触更加充分,提高赛车的操纵稳定性。【[2]】。通常这类赛车会在悬架横臂与减振震器之间加装推拉杆和摇臂结构进行连接,一般有推杆式、拉杆式和无推拉杆式三种连接方式,这三种连接方式也有各自的优缺点。【[3]】。由于赛车选用的减震振器最大行程为270 mm,且大赛规则要求车轮必须具备上跳和下跳至少25.4 mm的能力。……
