基于农户行为的农民测土配方施肥技术采用行为研究
2015-08-18洪燕婷仇蕾李康康
洪燕婷+仇蕾+李康康



摘 要:
基于农户行为理论,利用包括江苏苏州、浙江杭州和福建南安在内的379个用户实地调查的数据,通过Logistics模型分析了户主基本特征、家庭资源特征和信息特征对农户采用配方施肥技术行为的影响。研究认为,户主受教育年限、是否与其他农户经常交流、是否参加过技术培训与农户采用配方施肥技术行为呈正相关关系;农户从事农业生产活动年限越长、农户家庭兼业程度越高,则农户更倾向于采用传统施肥技术。
关键词:农户行为;配方施肥;Logistics模型
中图分类号:S147.2 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2015)06-0148-05
Adoption Behavior Study of Soil Testing for Formulated
Fertilization Technology Based on Peasant Households Behavior
Hong Yanting1, Qiu Lei1 ,Li Kangkang2
(1. Institute of Management Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
2. Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310014 China)
Abstract Based on peasant households behavior theories, according to the survey data of 379 peasant households in Suzhou of Jiangsu Province, Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province and Nanan of Fujian Province, the influences of householders basic, family resource and information characteristics on behavior of households adopting soil testing for formulated fertilization technology were analyzed through Logistics model. The results showed that the householders educational years, whether to often communicate with other farmers and whether to participate in technical training had positive effects on the households behavior to adopt formulated fertilization technique. The longer the households engaged in agricultural production activities, the higher the households part-time farming was, the more the households were inclined to adopt the traditional fertilization technology.
Key words Peasant households behavior;Formulated fertilization; Logistics model
近年来,随着工业点源污染和城乡污水治理逐步到位,农业面源污染占污染负荷的比重逐步提高。农业面源污染起因于农田中的氮磷、农药及其他有机或无机污染物质,在降水或者灌溉过程中,借助农田地表径流、农田排水和地下渗漏等途径而大量进入水体[1]。其中,因化肥施用过量和不合理导致对土壤、水体的污染,已经成为农业面源污染主要来源之一。从施肥总量上来看,20世纪90年代以来,我国化肥折纯使用量以年均5%的速度递增,全国化肥使用总量从1992年的2 590.30万吨提高到2013年的5 911.90万吨,每公顷耕地化肥施用量约为476 kg。从化肥的施用效率上来看,我国化肥利用率很低,氮肥的利用率仅为30%~40%,磷肥为10%~20%,钾肥为35%~50%[2]。从化肥的施用结构上来看,单质化肥施用比重较大,复合肥比重较小,其中以氮肥施用比重最大。除造成水体富营养化之外,施肥过量和偏失氮肥还会改变原有土壤结构和特性,造成土壤板结、酸化和有机质减少,而长期使用磷肥则会使得土壤内重金属物质不断积存,同样引起土壤污染,导致严重的农产品安全,不利于农业可持续生产。……
