青海牧区高寒草甸草地放牧藏羊肉品质分析
2015-08-08黄文颖
黄文颖


摘 要:研究青海藏羊和小尾寒羊的肉营养品质、氨基酸含量。结果表明:藏羊肉蛋白质含量为21.96%,极显著高于小尾寒羊肉(P<0.01);脂肪含量为2.66%,显著低于小尾寒羊肉(P<0.05);氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸含量分别极显著高于小尾寒羊肉(P<0.01),必需氨基酸含量显著高于小尾寒羊肉(P<0.05),特别是藏羊肉中谷氨酸含量显著高于小尾寒羊肉(P<0.05);说明藏羊属于高蛋白质、低脂肪、氨基酸含量丰富的动物性食品,符合当今人们对优质健康肉食品的要求。
关键词:青海藏羊;小尾寒羊;肉营养品质;氨基酸含量
Meat Quality of Tibetan Sheep Grazed in Alpine Meadows in Qinghai Province
HUANG Wenying
(The Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China)
Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the nutritional quality and amino acid composition of fresh meats of Tibetan sheep and small-tail Han sheep grazed in alpine meadows in Qinghai province. The results indicated that the protein content of muscles of Tibetan sheep was 21.96%, which was significantly higher than that of small-tail Han sheep (P < 0.01), and the fat content was 2.66%, which was significantly reduced compared with muscles of small-tail Han lamb (P < 0.05). Both total amino acids and non-essential amino acids were extremely significantly (P < 0.01) more abundant and essential amino acids especially glutamic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) more abundant in muscles of Tibetan sheep than in small-tail Han sheep. These data showed that meat of Tibet sheep is characterized by high protein, low fat and abundant amino acids and thus can meet the consumer demand for high-quality and healthy meat products.
Key words: Tibetan sheep; small-tail Han sheep; nutritional quality of meat; amino acids
中图分类号:TS251.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2015)05-0010-03
doi: 10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201505003
藏羊是青海省优势畜种之一,在各类家畜中所占比重居首位,也是广大牧民赖以生存的支柱产业[1-2],由于藏羊长期生活在青藏高原,在高寒缺氧的自然环境下,形成了抗病性强、高产、优质等特点,具有独特的生物学性和经济学性[3-4]。长期以来,藏羊在青藏高原极为粗放、终年露天放牧无补饲条件下繁衍生息并生产畜产品;加之其生态环境洁净,水质优良,少污染,其肉质鲜嫩,蛋白质含量高,脂肪沉积低,氨基酸种类齐全,是一种生物学价值高,口味鲜美的绿色食品[5-8],当地流传着“黑藏羊喝的是矿泉水,吃的是冬虫草,肉鲜味道好”[9-11]。本实验就青海贵南县黑藏羊的肉品质进行分析研究,其旨在为保护藏羊优良品种资源,丰富藏羊的肉品质量数据库,开拓其肉品开发利用提供依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
实验于2014年进行,藏羊选用青海省河南县境内放牧中的健康无病、营养体况基本一致,年龄在1 周岁左右的青海藏羊5 只,与此同时饲养条件基本一致的小尾寒羊8 只,共计实验羊13 只。
1.2 仪器与设备
BS224S电子天平 北京塞多利斯仪器有限公司;6890气相色谱仪、l100高效液相色谱仪 美国Agilent公司;ST310索氏浸提系统 福斯赛诺分析仪器苏州有限公司;Vapodest30凯氏定氮仪 德国Gerhardt公司;……
