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南阳市无偿献血者血型初筛错误原因分析与对策

2015-08-07张峰王帅

中国现代医生 2015年21期

张峰 王帅

[摘要] 目的 通过对献血者初筛血型错误原因分析,进而提高初筛血型的准确率,确保安全输血。 方法 对170例初筛检验血型错误结果进行分析。 结果 初筛血型错误总人数170例。血型错误率为0.053%(排除弱凝集和亚型),各型错误构成比例中,A型误定为AB型的比例最高,占25.3%,其次为AB型误定为A型和AB型误定为B型,各占10.0%,错误率最低为O型误定为AB型,占1.8%。 结论 造成血型初筛错误的原因是多方面的,主要为人为和环境因素。

[关键词] 无偿献血;初筛;血型;输血

[中图分类号] R446.6 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)21-0124-03

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the causes of error of blood type preliminary screening for blood donors, and to further improve the accuracy of preliminarily screened blood type, so as to ensure the safe blood transfusion. Methods A total of 170 cases with false results of preliminarily screened blood type were analyzed. Results Total number of people with false preliminarily screened blood type was 170. The false rate of blood type was 0.053% (excluding weak agglutination and sub-type). Among the proportion of composition of each false type, the proportion of type A wrongly screened as type AB was the highest, accounting for 25.3%, followed by the proportion of type AB wrongly screened as type A and the proportion of type AB wrongly screened as type B, accounted for 10.0% for each. The lowest proportion was type O wrongly screened as type AB, accounted for 1.8%. Conclusion Causes of false preliminary screening of blood type are multifaceted, and the main causes are human factors and environmental factors.

[Key words] Voluntary blood donors; Preliminary screening; Blood type; Blood transfusion

输血医学发展到今天,同型输注已成为最基本的准则,尤其是ABO的配合性同型输注显得尤为重要。输血可治疗疾病、挽救生命,正确的血型鉴定是安全输血的前提,否则可能导致溶血性输血反应,甚至危及生命。血站向临床发送血型正确的血液是安全输血的保证,作为输血专业技术人员,我们在做血型鉴定时,就应严把血型鉴定第一关。初筛血型在献血场所进行,目前是用纸板法做正定型,有一定的局限性,受时间、环境、温度、人员等影响,检验结果存在一定的错误率[1]。现对2011~2014年来我站献血的319 530例中170份血型初筛检验错误的原因进行回顾性分析。

1 材料与方法

1.1 标本来源

2011~2014年来我站献血人数共计319 530例,其中初筛血型错误170例。按照《中国输血技术操作规程》中血液采集要求留样采血,严重溶血、脂血、污染等标本不适用于本项检测[2]。

1.2 试剂

标准抗-A、抗-B血清(上海血液生物医药有限责任公司,试剂效价1:128)、标准A、B、O红细胞(北京金豪制药有限公司)。……

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