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喉罩与气管插管全身麻醉在脑性瘫痪患儿手术中的应用及护理比较

2015-03-13熊义英等

中国医药导报 2015年5期
关键词:儿童

熊义英等

[摘要] 目的 比较喉罩与气管插管全身麻醉对脑性瘫痪(以下简称“脑瘫”)手术患儿血流动力学及并发症的影响,并探讨相应的护理方法。 方法 收集四川省八一康复中心2014年1~6月择期行肌力、肌张力调整术的脑瘫患儿50例,随机分为喉罩组(L组)与气管插管组(E组),各25例,分别在麻醉诱导后置入喉罩与气管插管。观察两组患儿麻醉前(T0)、插罩/管前(T1)、插罩/管后(T2)、拔罩/管后即刻(T3)收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)变化;于T0、T1、T2和T3时采集外周静脉血样,测定血糖和血清皮质醇浓度。观察术中反流误吸、喉罩移位、呛咳,术后咽痛、声嘶、恶心与呕吐、肺部感染等并发症的发生率。 结果 两组患儿在T1时SBP、DBP和HR较T0时降低(L组:t=7.620、10.877、9.895;E组:t=6.550、8.253、9.254,P < 0.05或P < 0.01),E组患儿在T3时SBP、HR较L组及T0时升高(t=8.905、9.436;t=8.652、9.824,P < 0.01),两组患儿术后呛咳、咽痛、声音嘶哑、恶心、呕吐、肺部感染等并发症的发生差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。与E组比较,L组患儿T3时心动过速发生率降低(χ2=5.357,P < 0.05),血糖和血清皮质醇浓度降低(t=64.305、32.494,P < 0.01),躁动发生率降低(χ2=7.714,P < 0.05)。 结论 喉罩与气管插管均可达到满意的通气效果,在不同的手术方式中应选用合适的通气工具来进行麻醉管理和护理。

[关键词] 喉罩;气管插管;脑性瘫痪;儿童

[中图分类号] R614.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)02(b)-0141-04

[Abstract] Objective To compare the effect of general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and endotracheal intubation on hemodynamics and complications in children with cerebral palsy surgery, and to explore the effective nursing methods. Methods Fifty children undergoing cerebral palsy muscle strength muscle tension adjustment method in the 81 Rehabilitation Center of Sichuan from January to June 2014 were randomly allocated into two groups (25 cases in each): LMA group (group L) and endotracheal intubation group (group E). They were accepted respectively with LMA or endotracheal intubation after induction. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) values were recorded at the time points before anesthesia (T0), before intubation (T1), after intubation (T2) and after extubation (T3). The peripheral venous blood samples at T0, T1, T2 and T3 were collected and the blood glucose level and serum cortisol concentration were determined. The reflux and aspiration, LMA displacement, cough, sore throat, hoarseness, nausea and vomiting, lung infections and other postoperative complications were also assessed. Results The SBP, DBP and HR at T1 were decreased than those of T0 in the two groups (group L: t=7.620, 10.877, 9.895; group E: t=6.550, 8.253, 9.254, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the SBP and HR at T3 in group E were increased than those of T0 and group L (t=8.652, 9.824; t=8.905, 9.436, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There were no significant differences of the reflux and aspiration, LMA displacement, cough, sore throat, hoarseness, nausea and vomiting, lung infections in the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with group E, the incidence of heartbeat tachycardia, the blood glucose and cortisol concentration, the incidence of agitation at T3 were significantly lower in group L (χ2=5.357, t=64.305, 32.494, χ2=7.714, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion LMA and endotracheal intubation both can provide satisfactory ventilation, so it should select suitable ventilation equipment as much as possible for anesthesia management and nursing in different operation mode.

[Key words] Laryngeal mask airway; Endotracheal tube; Cerebral palsy; Children在脑性瘫痪(以下简称“脑瘫”)患儿手术的麻醉管理中,喉罩因使用方便、气道维持通畅、避免了气管黏膜的损伤以及在浅麻醉状态下也能耐受等优点而被众多麻醉医师用于气道管理[1-5],喉罩与气管导管用于气道建立和维持,有各自的优势和不足。为比较两种气道维持方式在手术期间对患儿血流动力学及并发症的影响,并探讨相应的护理方法,本研究对50例行肌力、肌张力调整术的脑瘫患儿进行了对比分析,现将临床资料报道如下:

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

收集四川省八一康复中心2014年1~6月择期行肌力、肌张力调整术的脑瘫患儿50例,美国麻醉师协会(ASA)Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,其中男28例,女22例;……

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