吴绮珣等

[摘要] 目的 研究口腔、肛周强化护理在白血病化疗后预防感染中的应用价值。 方法 将本院70例白血病化疗患者抽签随机分为观察组与对照组，各35例。对照组接受常规护理，观察组在对照组基础上采取口腔、肛周强化护理，比较两组患者口腔、肛周感染率及焦虑情况。 结果 观察组的口腔、肛周感染率分别为5.71%、8.57%，显著低于对照组的34.29%、28.57%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组正常、轻度焦虑的比例分别为42.86%、34.29%，均高于对照组的20.00%、25.71%，其中两组正常的比例差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组的中、重度焦虑的比例均低于对照组，其中两组重度焦虑的比例差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 白血病化疗采取口腔、肛周强化护理可显著降低感染率，有利于患者身心健康，具有较高的临床应用价值。

[关键词] 口腔；肛周；护理；白血病化疗

[中图分类号] R473.78 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2015）01（b）-0187-03

Application value of the oral cavity and crissum intensive nursing in preventing the infection after chemotherapy of leukemia

WU Qi-xun QIU Rong LIU Ji-zi ZHOU Juan

Department of Hematology and Oncology，the Sixth People′s Hospital of Shenzhen City，Shenzhen 518052，China

[Abstract] Objective To study the application value of the oral cavity and crissum intensive nursing in preventing the infection after chemotherapy of leukemia. Methods 70 patients with leukemia were randomly divided into the observation group and control group，and there were 35 cases in each group.The control group was given the routine nursing，the observation group was given the oral cavity and crissum intensive nursing on the basis of control group.The infection rate of oral cavity and crissum，the anxiety status in the two groups was compared. Results The infection rate of oral cavity and crissum in the observation group [5.71%，8.57% respectively] were lower than those in the control group [34.29%，28.57% respectively] and there was a statistical difference in the two groups （P<0.05）；the proportion of the normal，mild anxiety [42.86%，34.29% respectively] were higher than those in the control group [20.00%，25.71% respectively]，among them，there was a statistical difference of the proportion of the normal in the two groups （P<0.05）；the proportion of moderate，severe anxiety in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，among them，there was a statistical difference of the proportion of severe anxiety in the two groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion Oral cavity and crissum intensive nursing taken in the chemotherapy of leukemia can significantly reduce the incidence rate of infection，it is conducive to physical and mental health of patients，which has higher clinical application value.

[Key words] Oral cavity；Crissum；Nursing；Chemotherapy of leukemia

白血病患者化疗后因免疫抑制、中性粒细胞下降以及大量使用糖皮质激素，使机体可能更易发生感染[1]，另由于口腔及肛周解剖结构较为特殊，例如排便均对肛周有不良影响，故导致肛周成为感染源入侵体内的通道，而吸烟、饮食等可加重口腔感染风险，若感染发生后缺乏有效的处理措施，则很可能演变为全身性感染最终引发败血症[2]，因此白血病化疗后口腔、肛周等易感部位必须采取强化护理措施以保障患者健康，对此，本研究围绕70例白血病化疗患者分别采取口腔、肛周护理与常规护理措施，并探讨其应用效果。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取本院2010年1月～2013年11月收治的70例白血病化疗患者为研究对象，其中男37例，女33例，年龄21～64岁，平均（34.26±7.40）岁，均满足急性白血病诊断标准[3]，其中急性淋巴细胞白血病27例，急性非淋巴细胞白血病43例，入院时接受尿常规、血常规、胸片等检查未见感染。以抽签法将上述患者随机分为观察组与对照组，每组各35例。……