张秀丽+陈宝玲+杜高山+田文学

摘 要：对30名受试者正常和“外八”两种落地姿态立定跳远成绩、走路步向角、踝关节内收、外展等动肌力测试，探讨“外八”姿态落地对立定跳远成绩的影响。结果发现：与正常姿态落地相比，立定跳远采用“外八”姿态落地对落地后身体稳定性的影响差异不具显著性;两种落地姿态的立定跳远成绩差异没有显著性;采用外八字姿态落地，50%（男8人，女7人）成绩下降，幅度为0.05 m，33.3%（男4人，女6人）成绩上升，幅度为0.07 m，百分率和升降幅度差异均不具显著性;采用外八字姿态落地立定跳远成绩升降幅度与步向角，踝关节快、慢速外展最大幅度均中等程度相关（P<0.05）。结果说明：与正常落地姿态相比，外八字落地姿态立定跳远的成绩升或降因人而异，与受试者步向角，踝关节快、慢速外展的最大幅度呈中等程度相关，步向角越小，踝关节外展最大幅度越大，采用外八字姿态落地立定跳远的成绩提高的几率越大。

关 键 词：运动生物力学;立定跳远;落地姿态;步向角;等动肌力

中图分类号：G804.6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2014）06-0129-05

A study of the rationality of landing postures adopted for standing long jump

ZHANG Xiu-li1，CHEN Bao-ling1，DU Gao-shan1，TIAN Wen-xue2

（1.School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China;

2.Department of Police and Physical Education，Guangdong Police College，Guangzhou 510230，China）

Abstract： The authors tested the results of standing long jump performed by 30 testees in normal and toe-out landing postures， their walking pace angles as well as ankle joint adduction and abduction isokinetic muscle strength， probed into the effect of landing in a toe-out posture on the result of standing long jump， and revealed the following findings： as compared with landing in a normal posture， the effect of adopting landing in a toe-out posture for standing long jump on body stability after landing was not significantly different; the results of standing long jump by adopting these two landing postures were not significantly different; when landing in a toe-out posture was adopted， 50% of the testees （8 males and 7 females） had a worse result， the decrement was 0.05 m， while 33.3% of the testees （4 males and 6 females） had a better result， the increment was 0.07 m， the differences in the percentage， increment and decrement were not significant; the increment or decrement of the result of standing long jump by adopting landing in a toe-out posture had a medium degree of correlation with the pace angle， maximum extent of quick and slow ankle joint abduction （P<0.05）. The said findings indicated the followings： as compared with landing in a normal posture， the increasing or decreasing of the result of standing long jump by adopting landing in a toe-out posture varied with the testees， having a medium degree of correlation with the pace angle， maximum extent of quick and slow ankle joint abduction; the smaller the pace angle and the greater the maximum extent of ankle joint abduction， the greater the chance to enhance the result of standing long jump by adopting landing in a toe-out posture.endprint

Key words： sports biomechanics;standing long jump;landing posture;pace angle;isokinetic muscle strength

立定跳远分为3个阶段：起跳、腾空和落地。国外对立定跳远的研究多从运动生物力学角度，关注跳远起跳阶段的起跳技术研究，对摆臂在起跳中的作用进行了深入探讨，还有人研究了手持重物摆臂对立定跳远成绩的影响[1-14]。

立定跳远是我国中小学体育教学的重要组成部分，其教学和训练的研究一直是国内体育工作者研究热点，与国际文献研究情况相似，国内研究也多集中起跳和腾空技术动作，对立定跳远落地姿态的研究甚少，且有限的研究报道多为经验性总结，尚未达成共识[15-23]。杜修民等[24]认为双足落地呈“外八”、“外翻”或“外旋”等可提高立定跳远成绩;但杜高山等[25]的研究认为外八字落地对立定跳远者有不利影响，尤其是对于女子的不利影响更大。……