陈滔,孟琳,李楠,叶永强

摘  ;要： 回顾垂直/短距起降（V/STOL）喷气式飞机的发展情况，介绍鹞式战斗机、雅克战斗机以及JSF战斗机的升力推进技术特点，分析以升力发动机、矢量喷管和升力风扇为核心的升力推进系统的特征，并且指出了这些飞机的推进系统存在的缺点。鉴于此，研究了一种新型扇翼飞行器——扇翼机。该飞行器具有超短距起降（甚至可垂直起降）的特性以及其他很多优点。对这种扇翼机建立了纵向的数学模型，在Matlab/Simulink环境下通过数值仿真，验证了其具有超短距起降的特性。从结果还可以看出重心位置、转速以及升降舵偏转角对扇翼飞机起降距离的影响。

关键词： 垂直/短距起降; 升力推进技术; 扇翼飞行器; 纵向建模

中图分类号： TN98?34   文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1004?373X（2014）23?0110?05

Study on V/STOL technology of aircraft

CHEN Tao， MENG Lin， LI Nan， YE Yong?qiang

（College of Automation， Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， Nanjing 210016， China）

Abstract： The development situation of vertical or short take?off and landing （V/STOL） jet aircraft is reviewed in this article. The technical characteristics of lift propulsion for Harrier jump jet， Jacques fighter and Joint Strike Fighter are introduced. The features of lift propulsion systems taking lift engine， thrust vector nozzle and lift fan as their cores are analyzed. The disadvantages of these aircrafts propulsion systems are pointed out. Since the aircrafts mentioned before are not perfect， a new concept fan?wing aircraft is put forward in this paper. It has the ability of take?off and landing in a short way （even can realize vertical take?off and landing）， and has many other advantages. The longitudinal mathematical model of the fan?wing aircraft is established in this paper. Base on the model， the take?off process of the fan?wing aircraft was simulated with Matlab/Simulink. The characteristic of short take?off and landing was verified. The results indicate that the change of take?off and landing distance is influenced by centre?of?gravity position， rotate speed， and elevator deflection angle.

Keywords： V/STOL; lift propulsion technology; air vehicle with fan?wing; longitudinal modeling

0  ;引  ;言

固定翼飞机有着很多优点，因而被广泛用于各个领域。它载重大，速度快，实用升限高，但是它的起降条件要求很高，要有很长的跑道供其加速。而直升机虽然能够垂直起降，不需要跑道，机动性也强于固定翼飞机，但直升机的速度较慢，载重小，实用升限低。鉴于这两种飞机都有着明显的缺陷，人们开始研究垂直起降喷气式飞机。垂直起降飞机较好地解决了短距起降问题，但这些飞机的升力推进技术依然存在着一些不可忽视的问题。由于飞机垂直起降时要消耗大量燃料，严重地影响了飞机的作战半径、效能以及有效载荷。

本文研究了一种可以超短距起降的飞行器——扇翼飞行器。……