高鹏+聂佳佳

摘要： 研究了由一制造商及一经销商构成的闭环供应链系统，其中制造商具有公平关切心理特性并通过专利费授权经销商进行再制造.建立并求解了分散、集中两种决策模型并用收益费用共享机制进行了供应链协调。研究表明：制造商的公平关切特性能增强议价能力，但不利于社会绿色效应的提高；集中决策下的产品零售价、废品回收价均低于分散决策，而销售量、废品回收量及供应链效用高于分散决策；该类供应链只能实现效用的帕累托改进而无法完全协调。

关键词：公平关切；专利许可；闭环供应链；协作机制

中图分类号：F273.7；F274

文献标识码：A文章编号：1001-8409（2014）11-0067-05

The Strategy of Patent Authorization of Closedloop

Supply Chain under Manufacturer Fairness Concerns

GAO Peng1， NIE Jiajia2

（1.School of Business， Jiangsu University of Technology， Changzhou 213001；

2. School of Economics and Management， Southwest Jiaotong University， Chengdu 610031）

Abstract：

This paper studies a closed loop supply chain system consists of a manufacturer and a distributor which the manufacturer has a fair concern properties and the distributor carries out remanufacturing through patent licensing. The decentralized and centralized decisionmaking model is established and solved and a revenue and expense sharing mechanism is built to coordinate the supply chain. The results show that manufacturers fairness concerns can enhance his bargaining power while it is unfavorable to the social green effectiveness. The retail price， the recovery price in centralized model are lower than decentralized model while the sales、recovery amount and the total utility of supply chain are higher than it. The supply chain can only achieve Pareto improvement and not be fully coordinated.

Key words： fairness concerns； patent license； closed loop supply chain； coordination mechanism

1引言

近年来，随着人们对可持续发展的高度关注以及整个社会资源综合利用意识的提高，再制造闭环供应链已成为许多企业提升核心竞争力的重要手段。如佳能、路虎、海尔等世界知名公司均从上世纪就实施回收再制造，并从中获得了可观的经济效益和社会效应。近年来，理论界的研究热点开始转向闭环供应链的具体运作模式。很多研究均假设制造商进行再制造[1～5]。事实上，与制造商相比，经销商更贴近市场，更能确切地了解消费者需求。熊中楷、王凯就对经销商进行再制造的模式进行了详细研究[6]。值得注意的是，由于再制造需要很强的生产技术创新能力，并且专利产品的再制造同样受专利保护，因而许多经销商的再制造活动需在原制造商的授权和技术支持下才能开展，否则必然会引起知识产权的纠纷[7]。……