赖梅

所给提示词为动词时，该动词一般是谓语与非谓语动词，这3分题大多考生是容易拿到的。笔者就此类题的解法作一总结，与大家分享。

所给提示词为动词时，在高考语法填空中通常是一个谓语动词和一个非谓语动词，还有可能是词性转换题。

首先要分析句子结构，确定所给动词是不是在句子的主语后作谓语。

若是作谓语，应考虑：（1）时态；（2）语态；（3）主谓一致；（4）虚拟语气。

若是非谓语动词，应考虑：

（1）非谓语动词的逻辑主语（普通的规律）：如果逻辑主语是非谓语动作的发出者用 v-ing形式； 逻辑主语是非谓语动作的承受者用v-ed形式；逻辑主语是非谓语动作的发出者但还未发生（在谓语动词之后发生）用不定式to do。

另外，作目的状语只能用动词不定式to do；在介词后只能用v-ing形式。

（2）是否为特别的情感类动词。如，astonish， amaze， annoy， amuse， convince， delight， disappoint， encourage， excite， frighten， interest， please等，它们的-ed与-ing形式可作形容词，前者是自身感觉，后者是给人的感觉。

（3）考虑固定的系表结构。如，be lost in （沉迷于），be seated （坐着），be hidden （躲），be absorbed in （沉溺于），be tired of （对……厌烦），be concerned about（关心，挂念），be determined to do （下决心做）， be exhausted （=be very tired =be worn out疲惫不堪）等。当这些短语作状语时，常常去掉be用过去分词作状语，表主语的状态。

即时练习

1. Recently， they （build） a new house at this place.

2. The interview only took ten minutes，but it （feel） like hours.

3. All the preparations for the task __________（complete），and were ready to start.

4. Usually，winners ___________（advise） not to publicize their address and phone number， but begging letters still arrive.

5. Mr. Li，our English teacher，treats us as if we _________（be） his own children.

6. With the ___________（arrive） of spring，the Dorritys took the children for an outing.

7. The teachers words were a great ___________ （encourage）to him.

8. On a journey，there are always so many people （meet） and interesting things to see.

9. We read books and used anything we could find

（make）candles to see the words.

10. It was a treasure with gold and jewels， which took the best artists about ten years （make）.

11. I was lucky enough to have a chance （make） a trip into space.

12. To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to

（become） rich and famous.

13. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without

（follow）.

14. In the valleys we saw many cows and sheep （eat） green grass.

15. （use）his hybrid rice， farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.

16. There was a terrible noise （follow） the sudden burst of light.

17. （follow） by some officials， Napoleon inspected his army.

18. （give） more water， the trees could have grown better.

19. （heat），liquids can be changed into gases.

20. （disappoint） with the result of the experiment， she started a new one.endprint

21. （interest） in the book， he read it once again.

22. We watched， （amaze） as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship.

23. （surprise） and happy， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

24. He left the place， （determine） never to come back.

25. After the Anti-terrorist War， the American soldiers returned home， safe but （tire）.

26. After his journey from abroad， Richard Johns returned home， （exhaust）.

27. （lose/absorb） in deep thought， he didnt hear the sound.

28. （dress） in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

29. Along the way children （dress） in long wool coats stopped to look at us.

30. （wear） out after a long walk， Hellen called and said she couldnt come to the party.

31. （tire） of the food， he said nothing and went out.

32. （concern） about his safety， the parents called/rang him.

答案与解析

以下1～7题考查谓语动词与词性转换。

1. have built 在主语they后应是谓语动词，“他们建房”，用主动语态，又由recently可知，用现在完成时。

2. felt 在主语it后应是谓语动词，考虑时态；由前一并列分句的谓语动词took可知，用一般过去时。

3. have been completed 因preparations与complete是被动关系，应当用被动语态；又由were ready to start可知，准备工作已经做好了，故用现在完成时；因主语是复数，故填have been completed。

4. are advised 是advise sb. to do sth.的被动式。

5. were 虚拟语气，用一般过去式表示与现在事实相反的情况。