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298.15K时CuSO4NiSO4H2O三元溶液体系的活度

2014-11-14陈香刘士军黄华强

关键词:渗透系数物理化学学报

陈香+刘士军+黄华强

摘要用等压法测定了298.15 K时CuSO4NiSO4H2O溶液体系在离子强度范围为0.387 7~5.798 6 mol·kg-1内的渗透系数,用Pitzer离子相互作用模型对实验结果进行参数化研究,获得了CuSO4和NiSO4纯盐参数以及混盐参数,渗透系数的模型计算值与实验值的相对偏差为±0.03,表明Pitzer模型能较好描述298.15 K时该溶液体系的热力学性质;得到了该溶液体系中离子平均活度系数随离子强度的变化规律.

关键词CuSO4NiSO4H2O体系;等压法;渗透系数;活度系数;Pitzer模型

中图分类号O642文献标识码A文章编号10002537(2014)05004306

电解质中各组分的活度是溶液体系的基本性质,对了解各组分的相互作用及发展电解质溶液理论都具有重要的作用[12].同时湿法冶金工艺的建立或优化也需要相关混合电解质溶液的活度性质作理论指导[34].

关于CuSO4或NiSO4水溶液体系的活度研究已有较多文献报道.Wetmore和Gordon[5]用电动势法测定了298.15 K时硫酸铜溶液从0.02 mol·kg-1到饱和浓度的活度系数;Robinson和Jones[6]采用等压法测定了硫酸铜(0.1 mol·kg-1~1.4 mol·kg-1)以及硫酸镍(0.1 mol·kg-1~2.6 mol·kg-1)溶液的渗透系数,并利用RandallWhite[7]方程计算了其活度系数;Brown和Prue[8]采用凝固点降低法测定了稀浓度(<0.1 mol·kg-1)硫酸铜以及硫酸镍溶液的渗透系数, 讨论了硫酸盐在水溶液中的解离常数;Downes和Pitzer[9]采用等压法测定了0.117 4 mol·kg-1~1.555 9 mol·kg-1硫酸铜溶液的渗透系数,拟合获得了Pitzer模型离子作用参数.Malatesta等[10]用电动势法测定了极稀浓度(2.969×10-5 mol·kg-1)至0.998 mol·kg-1的硫酸镍溶液298.15 K时的活度系数;Guendouzi等[11]采用湿度法测定了298.15 K时CuSO4及NiSO4水溶液从0.1 mol·kg-1到饱和浓度的渗透系数和离子平均活度系数,并拟合得到了Pitzer模型离子相互作用参数.其中,Robinson用等压法测定的结果与电动势法测定的结果基本一致[6],Miller[12]认为采用凝固点降低法测定的数据在低浓度时较等压法准确,Pitzer[13]发现Robinson采用等压法测定的数据较可靠,但在低浓度时存在一定的偏差.

3结论

以NaCl溶液为参比,采用等压法测定了CuSO4H2O和NiSO4H2O单体系的渗透系数,所得数据与文献值吻合较好,验证了本实验装置和方法的可靠性;并测定了298.15K时CuSO4NiSO4H2O三元体系的等压平衡浓度,水活度以及渗透系数;由单体系和三元体系的渗透系数,获得了以Pitzer方程为基础的离子作用模型的纯盐参数和混盐参数,由拟合模型参数计算的渗透系数值与实验值的偏差在±0.03以内;三元体系CuSO4NiSO4H2O的渗透系数随离子强度的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,二者的离子平均活度系数都随离子强度的增大而减小.

参考文献:

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[10]MALATESTA F, CARBONARO L, FANELLI N, et al. Activity and osmotic coefficients from the Emf of liquidmembrane cells. VII: Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, K2SO4, CdSO4, CoSO4,and NiSO4[J]. J Solut Chem, 1999,28(5):593619.

[11]EL GUENDOUZI M, MOUNIR A, DINANE A. Water activity, osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of Li2SO4 Na2SO4, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4 at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2003,35(2):209220.

[12]MILLER D G, RARD J A, EPPSTEIN L B, et al. Mutual diffusion coefficients, electrical conductances, osmotic coefficients, and ionic transport coefficientsl ij for aqueous CuSO4 at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1980,9(7):467496.

[13]PITZER K S. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of bivalent sulphates[J]. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2, 1972,68:101113.

[14]AKILAN C. Thermodynamic and related studies of aqueous copper (Ⅱ) sulfate solutions[D]. Perth: Murdoch University, 2008.

[15]ARVAND M, GHALAMICHOOBAR B, MOGHIMI M, et al. Thermodynamic investigation of the ternary mixed electrolyte (NiCl2+ NiSO4+H2O) system by potentiometric method at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2009,41(8):916922.

[16]姚燕. 三元体系 Na2SO4CuSO4H2O 25 ℃活度系数的研究[J]. 物理化学学报, 1991,7(1):5763.

[17]王琴萍, 吕兴梅, 陈洪涛,等. 盐酸在硫酸镍水溶液中的活度系数[J]. 物理化学学报, 2004,20(2):186190.

[18]宋婷, 刘士军, 肖刘萍, 等. NaOHNaAl(OH)4H2O 溶液体系渗透系数的测定及离子作用模型[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2012,33(1):114118.

[19]HAMER W J, WU Y C. Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uniunivalent electrolytes in water at 25 ℃[J]. J Phys Chem Ref Data, 1972,1(3):10471100.

[20]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅲ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for 22 electrolytes[J]. J Solut Chem, 1974,3(7):539546.

[21]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅱ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent[J]. J Phys Chem, 1973,77(19):23002308.

[22]PITZER K S, KIM J J. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅳ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for mixed electrolytes[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1974,96(18):57015707.

[23]黄子卿. 电解质溶液理论导论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1983.

[24]刘光, 邱贞花. 离子溶液物理化学[M]. 福州: 福建科学技术出版社,1988.

[25]LINKE W F, SEIDELL A. Solubilities, inorganic and metalorganic compounds: a compilation of solubility data from the periodical literature[M]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1958.

(编辑杨春明)

[8]BROWN P, PRUE J. A study of ionic association in aqueous solutions of bibivalent electrolytes by freezingpoint measurements[J]. Proc Royal Soc London. Ser A. Math Phys Sci, 1955,232(1190):320336.

[9]DOWNES C J, PITZER K S. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Binary mixtures formed from aqueous NaCl, Na2SO4, CuCl2, and CuSO4, at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1976,5(6):389398.

[10]MALATESTA F, CARBONARO L, FANELLI N, et al. Activity and osmotic coefficients from the Emf of liquidmembrane cells. VII: Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, K2SO4, CdSO4, CoSO4,and NiSO4[J]. J Solut Chem, 1999,28(5):593619.

[11]EL GUENDOUZI M, MOUNIR A, DINANE A. Water activity, osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of Li2SO4 Na2SO4, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4 at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2003,35(2):209220.

[12]MILLER D G, RARD J A, EPPSTEIN L B, et al. Mutual diffusion coefficients, electrical conductances, osmotic coefficients, and ionic transport coefficientsl ij for aqueous CuSO4 at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1980,9(7):467496.

[13]PITZER K S. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of bivalent sulphates[J]. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2, 1972,68:101113.

[14]AKILAN C. Thermodynamic and related studies of aqueous copper (Ⅱ) sulfate solutions[D]. Perth: Murdoch University, 2008.

[15]ARVAND M, GHALAMICHOOBAR B, MOGHIMI M, et al. Thermodynamic investigation of the ternary mixed electrolyte (NiCl2+ NiSO4+H2O) system by potentiometric method at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2009,41(8):916922.

[16]姚燕. 三元体系 Na2SO4CuSO4H2O 25 ℃活度系数的研究[J]. 物理化学学报, 1991,7(1):5763.

[17]王琴萍, 吕兴梅, 陈洪涛,等. 盐酸在硫酸镍水溶液中的活度系数[J]. 物理化学学报, 2004,20(2):186190.

[18]宋婷, 刘士军, 肖刘萍, 等. NaOHNaAl(OH)4H2O 溶液体系渗透系数的测定及离子作用模型[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2012,33(1):114118.

[19]HAMER W J, WU Y C. Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uniunivalent electrolytes in water at 25 ℃[J]. J Phys Chem Ref Data, 1972,1(3):10471100.

[20]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅲ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for 22 electrolytes[J]. J Solut Chem, 1974,3(7):539546.

[21]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅱ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent[J]. J Phys Chem, 1973,77(19):23002308.

[22]PITZER K S, KIM J J. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅳ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for mixed electrolytes[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1974,96(18):57015707.

[23]黄子卿. 电解质溶液理论导论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1983.

[24]刘光, 邱贞花. 离子溶液物理化学[M]. 福州: 福建科学技术出版社,1988.

[25]LINKE W F, SEIDELL A. Solubilities, inorganic and metalorganic compounds: a compilation of solubility data from the periodical literature[M]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1958.

(编辑杨春明)

[8]BROWN P, PRUE J. A study of ionic association in aqueous solutions of bibivalent electrolytes by freezingpoint measurements[J]. Proc Royal Soc London. Ser A. Math Phys Sci, 1955,232(1190):320336.

[9]DOWNES C J, PITZER K S. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Binary mixtures formed from aqueous NaCl, Na2SO4, CuCl2, and CuSO4, at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1976,5(6):389398.

[10]MALATESTA F, CARBONARO L, FANELLI N, et al. Activity and osmotic coefficients from the Emf of liquidmembrane cells. VII: Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, K2SO4, CdSO4, CoSO4,and NiSO4[J]. J Solut Chem, 1999,28(5):593619.

[11]EL GUENDOUZI M, MOUNIR A, DINANE A. Water activity, osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of Li2SO4 Na2SO4, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4 at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2003,35(2):209220.

[12]MILLER D G, RARD J A, EPPSTEIN L B, et al. Mutual diffusion coefficients, electrical conductances, osmotic coefficients, and ionic transport coefficientsl ij for aqueous CuSO4 at 25 ℃[J]. J Solut Chem, 1980,9(7):467496.

[13]PITZER K S. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of bivalent sulphates[J]. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2, 1972,68:101113.

[14]AKILAN C. Thermodynamic and related studies of aqueous copper (Ⅱ) sulfate solutions[D]. Perth: Murdoch University, 2008.

[15]ARVAND M, GHALAMICHOOBAR B, MOGHIMI M, et al. Thermodynamic investigation of the ternary mixed electrolyte (NiCl2+ NiSO4+H2O) system by potentiometric method at T=298.15 K[J]. J Chem Thermodyn, 2009,41(8):916922.

[16]姚燕. 三元体系 Na2SO4CuSO4H2O 25 ℃活度系数的研究[J]. 物理化学学报, 1991,7(1):5763.

[17]王琴萍, 吕兴梅, 陈洪涛,等. 盐酸在硫酸镍水溶液中的活度系数[J]. 物理化学学报, 2004,20(2):186190.

[18]宋婷, 刘士军, 肖刘萍, 等. NaOHNaAl(OH)4H2O 溶液体系渗透系数的测定及离子作用模型[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2012,33(1):114118.

[19]HAMER W J, WU Y C. Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uniunivalent electrolytes in water at 25 ℃[J]. J Phys Chem Ref Data, 1972,1(3):10471100.

[20]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅲ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for 22 electrolytes[J]. J Solut Chem, 1974,3(7):539546.

[21]PITZER K S, MAYORGA G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅱ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent[J]. J Phys Chem, 1973,77(19):23002308.

[22]PITZER K S, KIM J J. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. Ⅳ. Activity and osmotic coefficients for mixed electrolytes[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1974,96(18):57015707.

[23]黄子卿. 电解质溶液理论导论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1983.

[24]刘光, 邱贞花. 离子溶液物理化学[M]. 福州: 福建科学技术出版社,1988.

[25]LINKE W F, SEIDELL A. Solubilities, inorganic and metalorganic compounds: a compilation of solubility data from the periodical literature[M]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1958.

(编辑杨春明)

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