段晓玲 王海英 杨国亭 冯晨 崔莹

摘要 [目的]探究白桦（Betula platyphylla）叶精油的抑菌和抗氧化活性成分，为白桦木醋液、精油等高附加值植物天然产品的加工利用提供基础数据。[方法]以白桦叶为原料，采用多相同时蒸馏萃取（SDE）法提取白桦叶精油，研究其抑菌、抗氧化活性，通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法分析其挥发性化学成分。[结果]白桦叶精油对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）和大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）均具有抑制作用，抑菌圈直径分别为11.90±2.17和（9.01±1.31）mm;白桦叶精油对羟自由基具有较好的清除作用，其EC50为2.294 mg/ml;白桦叶精油主要由烷烃类、酯类、酮类、酚类、醇类、醛类等化合物组成，GC含量最高的化合物是十一烷（58.02%）。[结论]白桦叶精油在抑菌和抗氧化等深加工产品领域具有潛在开发价值。

关键词 白桦;精油成分;抑菌活性;抗氧化活性

中图分类号 S713 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）33-11746-03

Composition Analysis of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil in Leaves of Betula platyphylla

DUAN Xiao-ling1， WANG Hai-ying1*， YANG Guo-ting2 et al

（1. College of Forestry， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin， Heilongjiang 150040; 2. Center for Ecological Research， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin， Heilongjiang 150040）

Abstract [Objective] Antibacterial and antioxidant activities composition of essential oil in leaves of Betula platyphylla were studied to provide basic data for processing and utilization of wood vinegar，essential oil and other natural plant products of B. platyphylla with high added value. [Method] Essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla was extracted by multiphase simultaneous distillation extraction（SDE） method with leaves of B. platyphylla as raw materials. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla were studied， and their volatile chemical composition were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） method. [Result] The research results show that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are inhibited by essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla， diameter of inhibition zone is （11.90±2.17） mm and （9.01±1.31） mm respectively; Essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla has good scavenging activity on hydroxy radical， its EC50（concentration for 50% of maximal effect， EC50） is 2.294 mg/ml; Essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla is mainly composed of alkanes， esters， ketones， phenols， alcohols， aldehydes， and other compounds. The highest GC content compound is undecane（58.02%）. [Conclusion] Essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla has potential value in the antibacterial and antioxidant products deep processing field.

Key words Betula platyphylla; Essential oil composition; Antibacterial activity; Antioxidant activity

基金项目 黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目（C201411）;黑龙江省科技攻关计划项目（GC07C330）;中央财政林业科技推广示范项目（2009-01）。

作者简介 段晓玲（1990- ），女，云南腾冲人，硕士研究生，研究方向：林下经济植物次生代谢产物调控与应用。*通讯作者，副教授，博士，硕士生导师，从事植物资源化学以及木醋液、精油、纤维素等林下经济资源利用研究。

收稿日期 2014-10-16

通过森林植物资源化学加工利用可获得木醋液、精油等植物天然产品[1-6]。干馏法是获得木醋液的主要提取方法，原料主要是木材加工废弃物（木屑等）、枝桠等采伐剩余物。水蒸气蒸馏法是提取精油的主要方法，原料主要是芳香植物的根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子、木材加工废弃物（木屑等）、枝桠等采伐剩余物;对于一些较难提取的精油，如杉根精油等，可通过干馏法获得木醋液和精油的混合物，经分离后得到杉根精油[5-7]。……