范成平 左锐 刘学辉

摘要 [目的]了解安顺地区漂浮育苗TMV病毒发生规律以及导致大棚内发生大面积侵染的原因。[方法]于2011～2013年对安顺市主要烤烟种植区（县）病毒检出率、育苗点不同大棚烟苗带毒率以及TMV高发大棚周边环境进行调查。[结果]安顺市各烟区所有检测批次的样品均有一定的带毒率，不同烟区烟苗风险样品率及高风险样品率不同，其中紫云县烟苗TMV阳性检出率为历年最高。漂浮苗带毒率与育苗棚管理水平密切相关。随着育苗集约化程度提高，烟苗TMV 阳性检出率提高，感染TMV的风险增大。设施不齐全、周边生态环境、育苗管理操作不到位为TMV传播提供了初侵染原和重要途径，导致烟苗带毒率大大增加。[结论]为防治烟草普通花叶病及提高烤烟的产量及品质提供了理论依据。

关键词 烟草普通花叶病;发生规律;原因分析

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）33-11784-02

Occurring Situation and Pathogenic Factors of TMV for Tobacco Float Seedling Production in Anshun Area

FAN Cheng-ping1， ZUO Rui2*， LIU Xue-hui3

（1. Anshun Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company， Anshun， Guizhou 561000;2. Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology， Guiyang， Guizhou 550006;3. Guizhou Institute of Plant Protection， Guiyang， Guizhou 550006）

Abstract [Objective] The occurring law and pathogenic factors of TMV for tobacco float seedling production in Anshun area were understand. [Method] The detection rate of TMV from main flue-cured tobacco planting areas， virus carried rate of seedlings in different greenhouses of seedling points and the surrounding environment of TMV high-incidence greenhouse in Anshun were investigated from 2011 to 2013. [Result] All the samples from each tobacco planting area of Anshun had certain virus carried rate; the risk sample rate and high risk sample rate of seedlings were different in different areas， among them the positive detection rate of seedlings TMV from Ziyun County was the highest for each year. The virus carried rate of float seedlings was closely related with management level of greenhouse. With the improvement of seedling intensive degree， the positive detection rate of seedlings TMV increased， and then the risk of TMV infecting increased. The lack of facilities， surrounding environment and the lack of seedling management provided initial infective source and important way for TMV so as to lead the increase of virus carried rate of seedlings. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for control of TMV and improvement of tobacco yield and quality.

Key words TMV; Occurring law; Cause analysis

基金项目 烟草病毒病防治体系的建立（201118）。

作者简介 范成平（1980-），男，贵州安顺人，助理农艺师，从事烟草种植收购工作。*通讯作者，副研究员，从事植物保护及农药剂型研究。

收稿日期 2014-10-17

烟草普通花叶病（TMV）是世界各国烟草生产上的一类主要病害，在我国烟叶生产中，尤以贵州、云南、河南等省区受害较重，给烟叶生产带来严重损失[1]。烟草病毒病直接影响烟叶的产量、质量和种植效益，幼苗期感染或大田初期感染，损失可达30%～50%[2]。发生严重时，甚至可能造成烟田绝收。近年来，在贵州省大部分烟区，TMV的发生流行呈较快的上升趋势，安顺地区尤其严重。……