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废弃烟沫堆置发酵有机肥腐熟菌种的分离、筛选和鉴定

2014-10-21王明旭江维维刘艳霞迟荪琳石俊雄李想

安徽农业科学 2014年33期
关键词:烟草

王明旭 江维维 刘艳霞 迟荪琳 石俊雄 李想

摘要 [目的]为加速烟草废弃物的资源化利用,筛选适合废弃烟沫快速发酵腐熟的微生物菌种成为资源化利用的重要一环。[方法]利用纤维素刚果红选择性培养基,分别从废弃烟丝、腐熟牛粪、油枯有机肥和味精下脚料等田固体废弃物中分离筛选腐熟菌种,并进行复筛、纯化和鉴定。[结果]共筛得16株腐熟菌株,其中复筛出6株高效菌株分别为F1、F2、F3、N1、N2、W1。经16S rDNA和Biolog鉴定,该6种菌菌株分别为Bacillus subtillis,Bacillus subtillis,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Mycobacterium vaccae,Bacillis amyloliquefaciens;纤维素分解能力试验结果表明,6种降解菌对烟沫中纤维素的降解能力为N1>F3>N2>F2>F1>W1;在烟碱浓度为低浓度0.1%时耐烟碱能力为F2>F3=N1>W1>F1>N2,在烟碱浓度为高浓度0.5%时耐烟碱能力为F2>F3>N1>N2>W1=F1,同时N1与N2、N1与F1、N1与F2之间没有拮抗作用。[结论]N1与N2复配构成废弃烟沫专用腐熟菌种为最佳选择。

关键词 烟沫废弃物;腐熟菌种;纤维素降解菌;烟碱;16S rDNA;Biolog

中图分类号 S182 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)33-11686-05

Isolation, Screening and Identification of Decompositing Microorganisms for Tobacco Scrap Solid-state Fermentation

WANG Ming-xu1, JIANG Wei-wei1, LIU Yan-xia2, LI Xiang2* et al

(1. Renhuai Tobacco Filiale, Renhuai, Guizhou 564500; 2. Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081)

Abstract [Objective]In order to accelerate the decomposition of solid organic wastes of tobacco, the screening of composting microorganism plays a key role in tobacco scrap rapid process fermentation. [Method]Decomposing strains from tobacco crap, dairy manure, rapeseed meal and monosodium glutamate waste samples were screened, purified and identified by Congo red screening medium in this experiment. [Result]Six dominant strains of sixteen strains,named as F1,F2,F3,N1,N2 and W1 were isolated and identified as Bacillus subtillis,Bacillus subtillis,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Bacillis amyloliquefaciens by 16S rDNA sequence homologies and Biolog Identification. The results showed that the ability of cellulose decomposition of strains were N1>F3>N2>F2>F1>W1. Besides, the tolerances to 0.1% nicotine of 6 strains were F2>F3=N1>W1>F1>N2, while to 0.5 % nicotine were F2>F3>N1>N2>W1=F1. There was no antagonistic effect between N1 and N2, N1 and F1, and N1 and F2. [Conclusion] The combination of N1 and N2 was considered as the best complex decompositing strains for tobacco srap solid-state fermentation.

Key words Tobacco scrap; Decomposing microorganisms; Cellulose decomposition strain; Nicotine; 16S rDNA; Biolog

基金項目 国家自然科学基金《贵州省青枯病导病与抑病型土壤微生物网络差异研究》项目(41461068);公益性行业(农业)科研专项201103004;贵州省科学技术基金项目黔科合J字[2013]2197、2198;中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目《酒糟快速腐熟生产有机肥技术研究及在烤烟生产上的应用》(201410)。

作者简介 王明旭(1970- ),男,贵州绥阳人,助理农艺师,从事烟草生产与管理方面的研究。*通讯作者,助理研究员,博士,从事植物营养与土壤微生物等方面的研究。

收稿日期 2014-10-20

我国烟草的种植面积和产量均居世界首位,目前国内外烟草主要用作卷烟。作为烟草生产大国,我国烟草种植面积约130万hm2,年产量450万~500万t。在卷烟加工生产中会产生大量的烟叶、烟沫等下脚料废弃物……

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