史改丽 邓小华

摘要 [目的] 为了解黔西南州植烟土壤磷含量区域特征。[方法] 分析了黔西南州6个植烟县69个土壤样本的全磷和速效磷含量状况。[结果] 黔西南州植烟土壤全磷总体上较高，平均值为0.82 g/kg，变幅为0.29～1.91 g/kg，变异系数为38.79%，速效磷总体上较适宜，平均值为19.15 mg/kg，变幅为2.58～142.51 mg/kg，变异系数为110.65%，速效磷含量处于适宜范围内的样本占26.04%;主产烟县植烟土壤全磷含量平均在0.52～0.94 g/kg，興义市、晴隆县、贞丰县的植烟土壤全磷含量极显著高于普安县，主产烟县植烟土壤速效磷含量平均在7.01～23.93 mg/kg，按从高到低依次为：兴义市>兴仁县>贞丰县>晴隆县>安龙县>普安县;黔西南州植烟土壤全磷以捧乍镇最高，窝沿镇最低，速效磷含量以捧乍镇最高，以白沙镇最低;不同土壤质地的土壤全磷含量以中壤土最高，沙土最低，速效磷含量以重壤土最高，沙土最低，不同土壤质地间全磷、速效磷含量差异均不显著;黔西南州烟土壤全磷含量和速效磷含量都呈斑块状分布态势。[结论] 全磷含量从中部方向分别向西北部和东南部呈减少的趋势，速效磷含量从东部和西南部分别向西北部和东南部方向呈减少的趋势。

关键词 植烟土壤;全磷;速效磷;空间分布

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）33-11682-04

Characteristic of Soil Phosphorus Content in Qianxinan Tobacco-growing Areas

SHI Gai-li1，2， DENG Xiao-hua1* （1. Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha， Hunan 410128;2. Guizhou ZhongYan industrial co.，LTD， Guiyang， Guizhou 550001）

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to understand the characteristic of P contents for surface soils in Qianxinan tobacco-growing areas.[Method] The distribution of P contents was analyzed by collected 69 soil samples. [Result] The total P content of tobacco-growing soil was generally higher for tobacco cultivation with a mean of 0.82 g/kg， amplitude of 10.29-1.91 g/kg and variation coefficient of 38.79%.The available P in general was suitable for tobacco cultivation with a mean of 19.15 mg/kg， amplitude of 2.58-142.51 mg/kg and variation coefficient of 110.65%. About 26.04% of the soil samples had available P content for suitable tobacco cultivation. The total P content of tobacco-growing soil was in an average of 0.52 to 0.94 g/kg in main different counties in Qinxinan. The total P content of tobacco-growing soil in Xingyi City and Qinglong County and Zhengfeng County was extremely significant than that of Puan County. The available P content of tobacco-growing soil was in an average of 7.01 to 23.93 mg/kg. The order from high to low was Xingyi City>Xingren County>Zhengfeng County>Qinglong County>Anlong County>Puan County. Soil in Longshan County was extremely significant compared with others. The total P content of Qianxinan tobacco growing soil was the highest in Pengzha Town， but was the lowest in Woyan Town. And available P content was the highest in Pengzha Town， but was the lowest in Baisha Town. The total P content was the highest in medium loam， but was the lowest in sandy soil in different soil texture. And available P was the highest in heavy loam， but was the lowest in sandy soil. The difference between total P and available P content weren't significant in different soil texture. [Conclusion] Total P reduced from the middle to the northwest and southeast and rapid available P reduced from the east and the southwest to the northwest and southeast.

Key words Tobacco growing soil; Total P; Available P;Spatial distribution

作者简介 史改丽（1983- ），女，河南洛阳人，助理工程师，在读硕士，从事烟叶基地和调拨工作。*通讯作者，教授，博士，从事烟草科学与工程技术研究。

收稿日期 2014-10-20

磷是植物必须的大量元素之一。在烟草上，磷素是影响烟叶生长发育和品质最重要的营养元素之一[1]，是烤烟体内磷脂、核酸、核蛋白和磷腺苷等重要物质的组成成分，与生命活动密切相关，对烤烟生长发育、产量和品质均有密切关系。若烤烟缺磷，则烤烟生……