摘要 [目的] 为了解礼泉县果园土壤现状。[方法] 采取主要的果园即苹果、葡萄、石榴、樱桃地的土壤样品，对土壤pH、速效钾、铵态氮、水分等指标进行检测。[结果] 石榴园的铵态氮含量最高，为（51.89±1.15）mg/kg，其次是苹果园，最低的为葡萄园;速效钾含量在（114.46～146.99）mg/kg之间，苹果园的速效钾含量最高;土壤pH没有明显的差异，pH接近于7;樱桃园的水分含量最高，约10 mg/kg，其余果园的水分含量较低。[结论] 不同的果园土壤养分差异较大，不同的果树对土壤养分的影响差异明显。

关键词 果园; 土壤养分; 礼泉

中图分类号 S606+.1 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）33-11675-01

Analysis on Orhard Soil Nutrients Stutus in Liquan

HU Shi-wei

（Yangling Quality and Technical Inspection Institute， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100）

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to understand present situation of Liquan orchard soil. [Method] The main orchard soils， namely， apples， grapes， pomegranates and cherry were adopted. The soil pH， available potassium， ammonium nitrogen， and water content were tested. [Result] Ammonium nitrogen content in pomegranate orchard was the highest， reaching （51.89 ±1.15） mg/kg， followed by apple orchards， the lowest was the vineyards. [Conclusion]

Available K content was between 114.46 and 146.99 mg/kg， and that in apple orchard was the highest. The soil pH had no obvious difference， and pH was close to 7. The maximum moisture in the cherry orchard was about 10 mg/kg， and the others were low. [Conclusion] There were differences in soil nutrient of different orchards. The influence of different fruit trees on the soil nutrient difference was obvious.

Key words Orchard; Soil nutrient; Liquan

礼泉县是咸阳市的一个传统农业县之一。自改革开放以来，全县推进果品生产，使得全县经济快速发展，特别是最近十年来，经济增幅明显提速。如今的礼泉是全国果业强县。礼泉苹果驰名海内外，葡萄、石榴、樱桃等也在全国很是出众的。

土壤养分是构成土壤肥力的重要方面之一，直接影响植物的生长发育[1]。随着果树的不断种植，为了提高经济效应，对土壤施肥和喷施农药等对土壤养分有一定的影响。通过对咸阳市礼泉县不同果树的种植土壤养分的研究，了解其土壤养分现状、变化趋势，为果树能够更好地生长以及保证土壤可持续发展提供科学依据。

1 材料与方法

在礼泉县葡萄园、石榴园、苹果园、樱桃园采集土壤。采样时，根据当地的地形外貌、土壤类型等进行土壤样点的布设，选取有代表性的果树种植土壤。

采用“S”形路线采样法，采样时的土壤深度在0～60 cm。……