孔令杰 马行军 卢红 孟庆长 郑飞 赵文明 张美景 陈艳萍 袁建华

摘要 [目的]分析江苏地区玉米品种植株性状的相关性，并探讨环境因素对玉米植株性状的影响。[方法]在江苏盐城大丰市开展玉米植株性状相关性试验，采用随机区组试验设计，播种密度6.75万株/hm2;在江苏省宿迁市沭阳县、连云港赣榆县和徐州丰县开展环境因素对玉米植株性状的影响试验，播种密度6.75万株/hm2。[结果]比较不同品种的植株性状，发现不同类型的品种间穗下节间数、穗上节间数、地上总节数、株高、穗位高等植株性状显著不同;品种的生育期与植株的地上总节数和穗下节数呈极显著正相关，株高与植株的总节数呈显著正相关，穗位高与植株的穗下节数呈显著相关。对3个地点的植株性状和环境因素分析后发现，穗上节数受环境影響小，积温与株高、地上总节数呈极显著正相关，积温与穗位高呈显著正相关;降雨量与株高、穗位高、穗上节数、穗下节数、地上总节数呈正相关，其中与株高呈显著正相关。[结论]该研究可为江苏省玉米新品种选育及高产栽培提供参考。

关键词 光照;积温;降水;植株性状

中图分类号 S513 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）33-11641-03

Effects of Environmental Factors on Plant Traits in Maize

KONG Ling-jie1， MA Xing-jun2， LU Hong3，YUAN Jian-hua1* et al （1. Institute of Food Crops， Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanjing， Jiangsu 210014; 2. Jiangsu Fengxian County Agricultural Technical Promotion Center， Fengxian， Jiangsu 221700; 3. Ganyu County Crops Cultivation Instruction Station， Ganyu， Jiangsu 222100）

Abstract [Objective] Relevancy of plant traits of different maize varieties in Jiangsu was analyzed， and impact of environmental factors on plant traits explored. [Method] Relevancy test of maize plant traits was conducted in Dafeng， Yancheng City， Jiangsu Province by adopting randomized block test， and sowing density was 67 500 plants/hm2; impact test of environmental factors on maize plant traits was conducted in Shuyang County （Suqian City）， Ganyu County （Lianyungang City）， Fengxian County （Xuzhou City）， sowing density was 67 500 plants/hm2. [Result] Plant traits of different varieties were compared， below-ear internode number， above-ear internode number， aboveground node number， plant height， ear height of different varieties varied greatly; growth season showed extremely significant positive correlation with aboveground node number and below-ear internode number， plant height showed significant positive correlation with total node number， ear height showed significant positive correlation with below-ear internode number. By studying plant traits and environmental factors in the 3 locations， it was found that above-ear internode number was less impacted by environment， accumulated temperature showed extremely significant positive correlation with plant height and aboveground total node number， accumulated temperature and ear height showed significant positive correlation; precipitation showed positive correlation with ear height， above-ear internode， below-ear internode， aboveground total node number， and significant positive correlation with plant height. [Conclusion] The study provides references for the new varieties breeding and high-yield cultivation of maize in Jiangsu.

Key words Illumination; Accumulated temperature; Rainfall; Plant traits

基金项目 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-02-50）;国家“863”计划项目（2011AA10A103）;江苏省科技支撑计划项目（BE2013434）;江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX（13）2027）。

作者简介 孔令杰（1982- ），男，山东聊城人，助研，硕士，从事玉米栽培生理研究。*通讯作者，研究员，从事玉米遗传育种工作。……