生物炭及其对土壤环境的影响
2014-10-21韩光明蓝家样陈温福张涛詹先进孟军陈全求黄云孙世清
韩光明 蓝家样 陈温福 张涛 詹先进 孟军 陈全求 黄云 孙世清
摘要 综述了生物炭的基本特性、环境效应以及生物炭对土壤理化性质、微生物数量及种群结构多样性的影响。土壤中添加生物炭可以提高其对土壤水分和养分的吸附能力,并且增加土壤持水性和养分有效性,延缓肥料养分的释放,进而增加土壤保肥能力,提高养分利用率;生物炭的特性也为土壤微生物提供了栖息的场所和养分,从而提高土壤微生物的数量。不同生物炭类型所提供的碳源的差别,将会引起土壤微生物群落组成和多样性发生变化。最后,对生物炭研究过程中需要注意的问题进行了展望。
关键词 生物炭;土壤环境;土壤理化性质;土壤微生物
中图分类号 S216 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-10941-03
Biochar and Its Influence on Soil Environment
HAN Guangming1, LAN Jiayang1*, CHEN Wenfu2 et al (1.Industrial Crops Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key laboratory of Cotton Biology and Breeding in the Middle Reaches of the Changjiang River(Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei 430064;2.Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866)
Abstract The basic characteristics and the environmental effect of biochar were summarized, as well as its effects on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial quantity and the diversity of population structure. Biochar application into soil can improve the adsorption ability of soil moisture and nutrients, increase the soil water holding capacity and nutrient availability, delay the release of nutrients, and then increase the soil preserving fertilizer ability as well as nutrient utilization efficiency. The characteristics of biochar also provide living place and nutrients for soil microorganism, so as to improve the number of soil microorganisms. The difference of carbon source provided by different biochar types will cause the changes of structure and diversity of soil microbial community. The problems that should be noticed in the process of biochar research were prospected.
Key words Biochar; Soil environment; Soil physicochemical properties; Soil microorganism
生物炭是在限氧條件下以及在低温下热解炭化得到的一种碳含量非常丰富、性质也非常稳定的物质,如以作物秸秆、木屑、动物粪便等为原材料生产的生物炭[1]。生物炭根据不同原生质来源分为木制炭、稻壳类炭、秸秆类炭和竹类来源的炭等[2-3]。由于研究年代不同,所使用炭的名称也不尽相同。为了便于评述,将有关研究中所涉及的符合生物炭范畴的不同名称统称为生物炭。
土壤中加入生物炭后改善了有机质含量和土壤肥力,其耐降解的特性延长了碳在土壤中的降解时间,还有助于作物生长、土壤改良及修复污染、减少温室气体排放等作用。因此,近年来越来越多的学者开始研究不同热裂解方式或来源于不同的生物质生产的生物炭,并且将其运用到修复障碍性土壤、改良土壤环境、提高作物产量等方面。……
