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白粒小麦品种选育与展望

2014-10-21李邦发

安徽农业科学 2014年31期

摘要 根据近年来小麦新品种种质资源的遗传育种及推广应用情况,分析研究了小麦红粒品种和白粒品种的种植现状,提出了“以生产发展、群众喜爱、市场需要为基础,高产、抗逆性强为前提,努力选育优质、白皮、大穗大粒、商品性好、广适性强、农艺性状优异为中心”的小麦种质资源遗传育种新目标新方向。在30多年的小麦种质资源遗传育种工作中,将传统的育种理论与自创的选择方法相结合,阐述了白粒小麦品种种质资源的选育方法及育种成果。在目前小麦遗传育种转基因技术不太成熟、进展缓慢的情况下,为小麦育种工作者提供一些有益的参考。

关键词 小麦;遗传育种;创新目标;白粒品种;成果

中图分类号 S511 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-10901-04

Development and Prospect of White Wheat Varieties

LI Bangfa (Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 62010)

Abstract According to the genetic breeding and application of new varieties of wheat germplasm resources in recent years, the status of planting red grain wheat and white grain variety was studied. The new direction of wheat genetic breeding was put forward, namely "with the production development, masses favorite, market needs as the basis, high yield, strong resistance asthe premise, breeding high quality, bark, large size, large spike, good commodity nature, strong adaptability, excellent agronomic traits as the center". In recent 30 years, combined the traditional breeding theory and self selection method, the breeding method of white grain wheat germplasm resources and breeding achievements were elaborated. At present, the transgenic technology of wheat genetics and breeding is not very mature, the study will provide some useful reference for wheat breeders.

Key words Wheat; Genetic breeding; Innovation goal; White grain varieties; Achievements

我國是世界人口大国和粮食大国,确保我国粮食自给,不仅是我国经济能够平稳健康发展的关键,也对缓解世界粮食危机起到重大作用。我国粮食安全一直受到中央政府的高度重视,连续多年中央1号文件都把“发展粮食生产、确保国家粮食安全”作为国民经济发展、社会稳定和国家自立的重大战略任务[1]。小麦是我国3大粮食作物之一,面积和产量均占全国粮食作物的1/4左右,小麦产量对稳定国内粮食供给和保障粮食安全具有至关重要的作用。随着工业化和城镇化的加速发展,以及人口增加和人民生活水平的提高,粮食需求呈刚性增长,而近年来近乎疯狂的房地产开发,挤占了大量的良田良地,我国小麦种植面积极度萎缩[2]。……

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