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中国肉羊生产技术效率测算与分析

2014-10-21丁丽娜肖海峰

安徽农业科学 2014年31期

丁丽娜 肖海峰

摘要

根据河南、山东、黑龙江、陕西和新疆5省1999~2010年肉羊生产省级面板数据,采用超越对数随机前沿生产函数分析法对我国肉羊生产的技术效率进行测算和分析。结果表明,我国肉羊生产技术效率平均水平為0.892,1999~2010年肉羊生产技术效率水平随着时间的推移而提高,河南、山东2省肉羊生产技术效率水平略高于陕西和新疆;仔畜重量和其他物质费用投入的产出弹性相对较大;各地畜牧业发展水平、良种化程度和劳动力受教育程度均对肉羊生产技术效率有显著正向影响;乡镇畜牧兽医在编人员的效率在提高。进一步分析认为,我国肉羊生产存在一定的技术效率损失,但是养殖户已经能够较为熟练的掌握现有技术,提高我国肉羊生产力水平的重要出路在于进行技术创新和变革。

关键词 肉羊生产;技术效率;随机前沿分析

中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-11141-04

Analysis on Technical Efficiency of the Meat Sheep and Goat Production and Its Influence Factors in China—Take Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi and Xinjiang as Example

DING Lina1, XIAO Haifeng2

(1.Management Engineering Department, Chengde Petroleum College, Chengde, Hebei 067000; 2. Economic and Management College of China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083)

Abstract The paper adopts the five province level pool data of Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi and Xinjiang and the stochastic frontier production model to measure and analyze the technical efficiency of meat sheep and goat production and its influence factors in China. The result shows that average technical efficiency level is 0.892; technical efficiency level increased as time went on during 1999-2010; the technical efficiency level in Henan and Shandong is higher than that in Shaanxi and Xinjiang; the cub weight and the other material input has higher output elasticity; the animal husbandry development level, the degree of improved breeding and the education of the rural labor has significant positive effects on the technical efficiency of meat sheep and goat production, and the efficiency of the animal husbandry and veterinary enrolled personnel of villages and towns has increased.

Key words Meat sheep and goat production; Technical efficiency; Stochastic frontier analysis

肉羊养殖在我国具有悠久的历史,是我国畜牧业的重要组成部分,其不仅关系到我国农牧民的生产生活,更关系到我国羊肉市场安全。20世纪90年代以来,我国肉羊养殖取得了较快发展,肉羊存栏数量、出栏数量和羊肉产量一直稳居世界第一位。根据FAO数据,2010年底我国肉羊存栏和出栏数量分别为2.85亿和2.68亿只,羊肉总产量为394.14万t,占世界羊肉产量的比重达到28.48%。然而,受产业发展进程、资源条件限制以及社会发展环境等多方面因素的影响,我国肉羊养殖一直较为传统和粗放,多年来肉羊生产方式和生产要素没有发生太大的变化,依然属于传统农业[1]。……

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