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2008年初新余市低温雨雪冰冻灾害分析

2014-10-21袁春马尚芹黄建英

安徽农业科学 2014年31期
关键词:成因影响

袁春 马尚芹 黄建英

摘要 2008年初,新余和我国南方大部地区一起遭受了历史罕见的低温、雨雪、冰冻灾害,在此对此次天气气候过程进行了分析。结果表明,此次冰冻天气强度大、持续时间长、造成的损失极为严重。冰冻灾害强度大,表现为过程平均气温、平均最高气温创历史新低;持续时间长,表现为连续低温日数和连续冰冻日数均为新余市有气象记录以来罕见的;冰冻灾害对电力、交通运输、农业及人民群众生活造成严重影响和损失,尤其对新余市电力运行造成灾难性影响。2007年8月开始的拉尼娜事件所造成的大气环流异常是导致我国大范围持续低温雨雪冰冻灾害的重要原因;就新余而言,超历史低温和长时间的低温、冰冻(雨凇)天气是致灾的主要原因;承灾体的变化、各行各业对此次低温雨雪冰冻灾害的预期低估,也是这次灾害损失巨大的重要原因。

关键词 低温;冰冻;灾害;影响;成因

中图分类号 S161.6 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-11016-03

Analysis on Low Temperature Rain and Snow Freezing Disaster in Xinyu City in Early Period of 2008

YUAN Chun, MA Shangqing, HUANG Jianying

(Xinyu Meteorological Bureau of Jiangxi Province, Xinyu, Jiangxi 338025)

Abstract Early 2008, Xinyu and most areas in southern China has suffered a rare historical low temperature, rain and snow, freezing disasters, the process was analyzed. The results showed that: the cold weather had a large strength, and lasted for a long time, the losses were extremely serious. Frozen disaster had a large strength, manifested as the low record of the average temperature, the average maximum temperature; lasted for a long time, expressed as the consecutive low temperature days and the number of the frozen days for all city has rarely seen since the meteorological records; frozen disasters have a serious impact on electricity, transportation, agriculture and life of the people, especially for the operation of Xinyu Citys electric power. Atmospheric circulation anomalies caused by LaNina events start of Aug. 2007 is the impottant reason for continuing largescale lowtemperature freezing rain and snow. As for Xinyu, ultralow temperature and long history of low temperature, frozen (freezing rain) weather hazard are the main reason for the disaster. Disaster object change, underestimate of all trades and professions are also the important reasons for the great loss of the disaster .

Key words Low temperature; Frozen; Disaster; Effect; Cause

近20多年来,虽然冬季变暖,但极端的严重雨雪冰冻灾害还是时有发生。2008年1月10日至2月初,我国发生了历史上罕见的低温雨雪冰冻灾害,其主要特征为灾害范围广、灾害强度大、连续低温时间长、雨雪持续时间长、冰冻日数多和灾害损失严重[1-2]。就新余而言,这次灾害主要由4次天气过程造成,時间段分别为1月12~16日、18~22日、25~29日、1月31日~2月2日。低温雨雪冰冻灾害造成的损失极为严重,对交通运输、电力传输、农业及人民群众生活造成了严重影响和损失,受灾人口近40万,直接经济损失达8亿多元。……

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